2017年6月大学英语六级模拟试题（14）

>>英语六级题库：2017年6月大学英语六级模拟试题

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological drives as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.

Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to reward the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement switched on a display of lights— and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.

Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would smile and bubble when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

36. In this article, the author suggests that babies learn to do things when

A. such acts lead to desired rewards

B. they enjoy a sense of achievement

C. their curiosity is satisfied

D. they can derive fun from such acts

37. In his experiment, Papousek noticed that a baby

A. would go on making the learned response with no milk provided

B. would have to have enough to drink before the experiment began

C. would not make the learned response until milk is provided

D. would make the learned response with pleasure only when it saw the light display

38. According to the passage, the babies would smile and bubble when the light display was turned on primarily because

A. the babies were impressed by the beautiful sight

B. the lights are related to babies' physical drives

C. the babies felt they succeeded in switching on the lights

D. the babies were happy that they learned how to respond to this sight

39. According to Papousek, the pleasure the babies displayed when they saw the light display was a reflection of

A. the satisfaction of their curiosity

B. the satisfaction of their physiological needs

C. the basic human urge to understand and control the world

D. the babies' desire to solve complex problems

40. What does the word “it” in the last line refer to?

A. success B. skill C. light D. world

Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

41. Parents will always remember the first time their baby ___ the word Mama or Papa.

A. speaks B. tells C. utter D. articulates

42. He might have thought it was all right to marry a woman ten years older than him, but ___ he eyes of his friends he was crazy.

A. with B. to C. against D. in

43. Setting up a committee might be a way ___ the project more efficiently.

A. to be doing B. doing

C. to do D. being done

44. It ___ to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.

A. pains her B. makes her pain

C. is paining D. is pained

45. These documents will provide ___ you all information you may need.

A. about B. for C. with D. to

46. He ___ his eyes to try to see what the teacher wrote on the blackboard.

A. strained B. exerted C. utilized D. applied

47. Most of the nations in the world are working in an collaborative effort to ___ hunger from the world.

A. abandon B. diminish C. withdraw D. eliminate

48. Our boss, Mr. Thompson, ___ a raise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.

A. was promising B. has been promising

C. promised D. has promised

49. We all feel it's time ___ done about the air pollution in the city.

A. something was done B. anything will be done

C. something should be done D. everything is done

50. We are supposed to ___ all the books when we are finished with them.

A. put off B. put up

C. put away D. put out

51. There is an increasing ___ towards the excessive use of violence in American movies.

A. phenomenon B. tradition

C. attitude D. tendency

52. When Michael Jordan was in his heyday (鼎盛时期) at basketball he ___ baseball for a year.

A. slipped into B. reverted to

C. resorted to D. turned to

53. He was determined to sail around the world ___ his illness and old age.

A. given B. although

C. despite D. in spite

54. He was ___ exhausted at the end of the Marathon.

A. utter B. sheer C. absolute D. utterly

55. It ___ that the old woman she had been taking care of was indeed her own mother.

A. turned over B. turned in

C. turned across D. turned out

56. The plant has been ___ of the money it needs for modernization.

A. deleted B. extracted C. deprived D. convinced

57. As long as we don't lose heart, I believe we can achieve our goal ___.

A. in the long run B. in the first place

C. on the whole D. at least

58. The surpassing beauty of his paintings ___ those of his contemporaries.

A. besmeared B. belittled C. dwarfed D. bedimmed

59. The microscope can ___ the object 50 times in diameter.

A. increase B. multiply C. enlarge D. magnify

60. Communication is the process of a message from a source to an audience via a channel.

A. shifting B. transmitting C. submitting D. transforming

61. In the cowboy movies produced by Hollywood, the “bad guys" ___ get punished at the end.

A. inevitably B. doubtless C. deliberately D. readily

62. It is a common theme of many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ___ by beings from the outer space.

A. run over B. filled in

C. taken over D. broken in

63. The committee is ___ a decision form the headquarters before it takes any action.

A. waiting B. awaiting for

C. awaiting D. anticipating

64. Obviously, these small independent western restaurants cannot compete ___ big international chains.

A. with B. for C. above D. to

65. That machine was very useful; but he was definitely ___ when he said it was the greatest machine ever invented.

A. lying B. bluffing

C. exaggerating D. overreacting

66. When the family gathered to discuss financial matters, father started ___ ,by saying that it was absolutely necessary to set aside some money each month, for in an emergency we could use it.

A. off B. through C. away D. /

67. Doctors are often under sharp criticism nowadays for people believe they always ___ too many medicines for minor illnesses.

A. prescribe B. order C. deliver D. advise

68. All the parts of this model of automobile are ___ , so that you can easily replace them everywhere.

A. modernized B. standardized C. mechanized D. normalized

69. They ___ his claim of innocence with eye--witness testimony.

A. objected B. opposed C. contradicted D. refuted

70. At the end of a football game, players typically ___ shirts with each other.

A. trade B. swap C. exchange D. barter

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