职称英语《理工类》2013年真题总结

2018年03月15日 16:29:00来源：职称英语考试网

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下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、 Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.

A.fundamental B.moral C.regular D.hard

2、 The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.

A.rejected B.approved C.submitted D.considered

3、 Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.

A.untouched B.certain C.silent D.doubtful

4、 This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.

A.turned dead B.passed by C.carried away D.become extinct

5、 The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.

A.reliable B.effective C.simple D.alternative

6、 Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.

A.argue B.claim C.wish D.compete

7、 Come out, or I'll bust the door down.

A.shut B.beat C.set D.break

8、 The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.

A.general B.complex C.inflexible D.direct

9、 The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.

A.unknown B.undamaged C.unusual D.unstable

10、 They didn't seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.

A.existence B.cause C.importance D.situation

11、The contract between the two companies will expire_ soon.

A.shorten B.start C.end D.resume

12、 The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.

A.polluted B.treated C.tested D.corrupted

13、 She shed a few tears at her daughter's wedding.

A.produced B.wiped C.injected D.removed

14、 Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.

A.send B.hear C.confirm D.spread

15、 The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town,

A.cautious B.naked C.blind D.private

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

16、请根据短文的内容，对16-23做出判断

New Understanding of Natural Silk's Mysteries

Natursl silk, as we all know, has a strength that manmade materials have long struggled tomatch. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials sciencebreakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or,more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility froman unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are inherently very weak but that work togetherto create a strong, flexible structure.

Most materials -- especially the ones we engineer for strength - get their toughness frombrittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated bothbiologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound forpOund, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesn't seem that silksshould be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, whichare far weaker than the covalent bonds found in other molecules.

To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through suchweak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe theway silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silknanocrystals is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing oneanother against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a suddenfracture to spread across a silk structure.

The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree ofstrength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding ofsilk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we cancurrently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult toproduce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).

By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturingmethods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought youwere going to get out of this materials science story without heating about carbon nanotubes,think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-likestructures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk -- like carbcn nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.

17、 Silk's strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.