职称英语《理工类》2014年真题总结

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2014年A级：

第4部分，阅读理解

第1篇　The Northern Lights

The sun is stormy and has it own kind ofweather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’sgravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Suntoward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speedsaround a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and thestream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more activethe Sun, the stronger the solar wind.

The solar wind constantly streams toward theEarth, but don’t worry because a protective magneticfields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compasspoint north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and southpoles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic fieldlines break and reconnect.

The breaking and reconnecting of the magneticfield lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts tofall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As theelectrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.

Each atmospheric gas glows a different color.Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. Asthese various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the NorthernLights and the Southern Lights.

Watching auroras(北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far northlike Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usuallyslow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves.During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Aurorasoften seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometerslong, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.

We hope you are able to travel to far-northplaces like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once duringyour lifetime. We know you will never forget it!

31. The solar wind comes into being as aresult of______

A. disappearance of the Sun’s gravity. B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.

C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun. D. a stream of particles being blown away.

32. What happens when solar wind comes to theEarth?

A. A protective magnetic field is formed atthe same time.

B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around theEarth.

C. It destroys the protective magnetic fieldsurrounding the Earth.

D. It breaks magnetic field lines and doessevere damage to the ???

33. The Northern Lights are createdwhen______

A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collidewith atmospheric gases.

B. the magnetic field lines fail toreconnect.

C. the electrons falling to the Earth shinein different colors.

D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from theatmospheric gases.

34. Which of the following statements is trueof the Northern Lights?

A. Their movement is slow enough to be observedwith the eyes.

B. People cannot see them unless traveling toAlaska or Canada

C. They are very close to the ground.

D. They are very long and thick.

35. What is the author’s tone toward the Northern Lights?

A. Indifferent B. Sarcastic C. Sharp D. Appreciative

第二篇Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance

Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be ableto change stuff on your computer screen – and then moveit directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.

A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mountedeye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows whereyou are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – aphoto, say – and then pressing a key, selects thatobject. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just byglancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.

"The beauty of using gaze to supportthis is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire,"says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at LancasterUniversity, UK.

Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful totransfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display toyour smartphone or for sharing photos.

A button needs to be used to select theobject you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midastouch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you lookat gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clickedon everything it pointed at," he says.

Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says thesystem is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of usinggaze-tracking to interact. "EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry withus most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutchingmechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very naturalmanner."

While current eye-trackers are rather bulky,mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii isdeveloping gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops andtablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glassheadset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.

Turner says he has also looked at how contentcan be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on atouchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile andUbiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.

36. The eye-tracker technology enables usto______

A. change our computer screen. B. focus on anything that interests us.

C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly. D. move an object from screen with a glance.

37. Why is a button needed?

A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop. B. To choose as many objects as possible.

C. To make EyeDrop different from others. D. To select what we want.

38. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______

A. application of gaze-tracking inhuman-computer interaction.

B. interaction between human and computer.

C. combination of gaze-tracking with input ontouch devices.

D. generalization of EyeDrop system.

39. Which of the following statement is trueof eye-trackers for consumer devices.

A. They are costly. B. They are available.

C. They are installed in Google Glassheadset. D. They are expected to come out soon.

40. What is Turner likely to study next?

A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps. B. How to present the system in public.

C. How to get touch screen involved. D. How to cut and paste content from a publicdisplay.

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