2019新SAT考试OG阅读中心题型解析10

>>SAT阅读：2019新SAT考试OG阅读中心题型解析10

>>SAT考试1对1精品提升课程

P781——Section 5

儿童与玩具

9. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. The two passages both deal with the role of toys in the lives of children: according to Passage 1, the primary function of toys is to make it easier for children to learn about their culture, while Passage 2 rejects this idea and instead proposes that children "play with toys to have fun" (line 21).

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Neither passage treats the distinction between play and reality as its main topic; both passages take the distinction for granted.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. Passage 2 does question the validity of certain expert opinions regarding the role of play in children's lives, but Passage 1 does not do anything but put forward its author's position.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Neither passage has anything to say about when or how children make the transition to maturity. Both passages are focused on the role that toys play in the child's world. Passage 1 does suggest that what children learn from playing with toys will be useful later, but Passage 2 rejects this kind of speculation.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. Passage 2 does not go into the question of how toys reflect human culture. Passage 1 comments on this issue, but even Passage 1 does not consider different ways that toys reflect human culture. Passage 1 merely says that toys reduce "a complex universe of human culture to terms that they [children] can readily apprehend" (lines 7-8).

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10. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

Choice (E) is correct. The last sentence of Passage 1 presents children playing with toys as being engaged in "rehearsals for reality" (line 10) in which they "exercise their inherent capacities for learning and assimilation" (lines 12-13). This sort of position is rejected by the author of Passage 2 as exaggerated, that is, as going much too far. The position presented in the last sentence of Passage 1 is also attacked by the author of Passage 2 as pretentious, that is, as vain and overblown.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does not consider the position presented in the last sentence of Passage 1 as either accurate or misleading, but, rather, as "Hogwash!" (line 21); in other words, anything but accurate. But it is also dismissed as being so obviously wrongheaded that only a fool would be misled by it.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does not consider the position presented in the last sentence of Passage 1 as unnecessarily cautious. Calling it "hogwash" is a way of saying that it is completely wrongheaded, and a position that is completely wrongheaded would remain so regardless of how cautiously or how boldly it is presented.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does not consider the position presented in the last sentence of Passage 1 as too vague to verify or dispute. The author of Passage 2 thinks the position cannot be verified because it is wrong, not because of any problems with lack of clarity. Moreover, by rejecting it as false, the author of Passage 2 indicates that it is not too vague to be called into question.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does not consider the position presented in the last sentence of Passage 1 as perceptive at all. On the contrary, the impression conveyed by calling it "hogwash" is that it is so wrong it does not even deserve to be discussed.

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11. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. Passage 2, which dismisses a body of opinion as "hogwash" (line 21), is openly disdainful. Passage 1 is solely concerned with putting forward its author's position in careful, scholarly prose.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. It is the tone of Passage 1 that is scholarly, or detached; the tone of Passage 2 is highly combative. Passage 2 dismisses an idea as "hogwash" (line 21). It refers to those who embrace that idea as "so-called experts" (line 16), suggesting that these people are not really experts by using the expression "so-called."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. Neither passage can be described as apologetic. Passage 1 is simply concerned with laying out its case, and there is nothing in this case that would call for an apology. Passage 2 is actually hostile, but there is certainly no apology in the passage itself.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Neither passage is marked by romantic or nostalgic sentiment that takes the place of reason and thought. Passage 1 is concerned with expressing its author's thinking with precision and objectivity. Passage 2 does reveal how its author feels, but these feelings are not at all sentimental.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. Neither passage is somber, that is, grave and gloomy in tone. Passage 1 is very serious in tone, but in a neutral, academic way. Passage 2 is even further from being somber in tone: its harshness, taunts, and jibes suggest aggression and hostility, but not gloom.

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12. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. In Passage 2, the author of Passage 1 is clearly seen as one of the writers who "speculate about the profound significance of childhood recreation" (lines 23-24). Such people should, according to Passage 2, "spend more time playing with toys and less time writing about them" (lines 24-25). This suggests that such writers need to get reacquainted with childhood realities.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Passage 2 denounces writers like the author of Passage 1 as being completely wrong, but not because they are treating a serious object lightly. The last line of Passage 2 suggests that these authors get too caught up in writing about their subject matter and do not pay enough attention to the realities of what they are writing about.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The writing style of Passage 1 is unquestionably stilted, but Passage 2 does not take issue with anyone's writing style.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 fully grants that those like the author in Passage 1 are serious students of children at play. The supposed problem with them is that they jump from a "simple fact" (line 17) to "grandiose conclusions" (line16).

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. There is no suggestion anywhere in Passage 2 that people like the author of Passage 1 have ever falsified crucial evidence. Rather, what writers like this have supposedly done is draw false and "grandiose conclusions" (line 16) from the evidence they have.

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