2019新SAT考试OG阅读中心题型解析5

>>SAT阅读：2019新SAT考试OG阅读中心题型解析5

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P726——Section 7

环境保护的问题

13. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

Choice (E) is correct. Line 14 accuses "environmental popularizers" of misleading the public about the "state," or condition, of scientific knowledge.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The term "state" can apply to a person's social rank, but such a definition would be illogical in a sentence about scientific knowledge.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Line 14 does not refer to an emotional "state" such as excitement.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. It would not make sense to claim that the "state of scientific knowledge" is a geographical location.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Line 14 has nothing to do with a "state" in the sense of a political unit.

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14. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

Choice (C) is correct. The quoted phrases are examples of what the author of Passage 1 claims are the "projections, predictions, and warnings" of "environmental popularizers" that have failed to materialize.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does not presume to know the future, instead stating that "no one knows what the future holds."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Passage 1 does not identify any problems that specifically threaten underdeveloped countries.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. At no point does the author of Passage 1 link "food riots" and "pesticide-induced cancers" to global warming. In addition, the author argues that these problems have not, in fact, plagued the United States as "environmental popularizers" predicted.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The "death" of Lake Erie and of the oceans is only mentioned as an additional example of what the author claims are the unrealistic predictions of "zealous" environmentalists.

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15. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. "Rigors" refers to the challenges that an ice age or global warming would theoretically pose.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The subject of environmental cleanup does not appear in the text surrounding the term "rigors."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Specific environmental regulations are not discussed in Passage 1.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. Although Passage 1 notes the "moralistic attitudes" of environmentalists, this has no relation to the "rigors" mentioned in line 22.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The context of this term deals with environmental damage, not with the environment's ability to repair itself.

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16. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. The author contrasts a "faraway" environmental threat with a tangible one such as skin cancer to explain how "popularizers" inspire a feeling "as strong as fear" by describing disasters that may hit close to home.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The fact that lines 42-43 offer the only first-person pronoun in the entire passage lend this sentence a personal tone. The author uses it, however, for a larger purpose: to demonstrate that "we fear things less the more distant they are."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The example presented in lines 42-43 is used to show how "popularizers" seek to arouse strong feelings, not to pass judgment on how frightened people should be of contracting skin cancer.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. This sentence is not a plea for sympathy, but an example of how others can incite fear.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. Skin cancer is an immediate individual threat, not a widespread crisis.

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17. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. This paragraph summarizes key events in the history of the environmental movement, such as Rachel Carson's warnings in 1962 and the major environmental legislation of the 1970s.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The paragraph does not "speculate," or theorize, about events that might occur, but reviews actual happenings.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The paragraph outlines a series of events, not sources.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. This introductory paragraph is not an "aside," or departure, from the topic of the environmental movement. Instead it provides relevant historical information about early environmental activism.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The first paragraph of Passage 2 does not refer to any scientific theories.

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18. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

Choice (C) is correct. The author of Passage 2 argues that the pleas and warnings of environmental activists have been so effective in protecting the planet that these pleas are no longer necessary.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. On the contrary, Passage 2 implies that modern environmentalists do not act with any less urgency despite their past successes.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. Although the author does indicate that conservative politicians are "afraid of the good news," their fear does not explain how the environmentalists’ views might be obsolete.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Nothing in the passage indicates that environmentalists have an "old-fashioned" view of technology.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The assertion that the environmental movement holds significance for both major political parties has nothing to do with the quoted phrase.

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19. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. The author uses the phrase to ridicule political conservatives' unreasonable suspicion of "government regulations."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Here and in the passage as a whole, the author does not disparage bureaucratic inefficiency, but praises governmental action that has been efficient and effective.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C ) is incorrect. The author's own general feelings about government regulations are not apparent in the passage or in the cited sentence.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The sentence is about political partisans' reactions to environmental good news, not the author's own feelings about polluters.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The author never tries to connect religious beliefs and environmental beliefs.

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20. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. The author of Passage 1 calls attention to the "projections, predictions, and warnings" of the environmentalists that proved to be inaccurate, indicating skepticism about their movement and its claims. The author of Passage 2, while admiring the successes of the environmental movement, expresses reservations about its pessimistic language.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The negative attitude toward environmentalism in Passage 1 is not extreme enough to be called "outrage," and while the author of Passage 2 may be disappointed that environmentalists are so pessimistic, there is no suggestion of "resentment."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 is clearly not "indifferent" to the environmental movement, nor can the concern expressed by the author of Passage 2 be described as "urgent."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does not express "alarm," nor can the acceptance of environmentalism by the author of Passage 2 be considered "grudging."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 is critical of environmentalism rather than "open-minded," and the author of Passage 2 is appreciative of environmental achievements but not a "staunch advocate" of the movement.

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21. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. The author of Passage 2, while somewhat critical of present-day ecological pessimists, nevertheless acknowledges that their efforts contributed directly to the passage of several landmark environmental bills.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does not judge the ethics of environmentalists.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 would likely argue that the predictions, while perhaps one-sided or incomplete, were made with conviction.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 states that the voices of "impending ecological doom" addressed important environmental issues.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 makes precisely the opposite point in claiming that the grim vocabulary of environmentalism has been "rendered obsolete by its own success."

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22. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

Choice (E) is correct. The author of Passage 1 would likely argue that Gore's "line of thought" regarding the "grave" state of the planet is "one-sided and incomplete," and therefore "dubious," or doubtful.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 is concerned with the accuracy of "environmental popularizers'" statements about the environment, not with their originality.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. While Passage 1 accuses the environmental movement of being tainted by political "partisanship," it does not imply that claims about the planet's "grave" state have ever been fully rooted in scientific fact.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 indicates that those who present the "one-sided picture" reflected in Gore's "line of thought" actually do intend a literal interpretation: they want readers to believe that the environmental disasters they describe will actually occur.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. There is no indication in Passage 1 that distant countries would consider environmental decline to be insignificant.

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23. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct. The author of Passage 1 claims that environmentalists exaggerate warnings about the environment to move people to action through fear, saying that "prophecy" has "a profound rhetorical strength: it releases the power of fear."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does not discuss party politics in any depth.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. Even though Passage 1 refers to "scientific disagreements" about the environment, the author's focus is not on the divided opinions of scientists, but rather on the exaggerations of the "environmental popularizers."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Nothing in Passage 1 suggests that its author would be concerned with the social or political etiquette of "boasting."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 attributes environmentalists' misrepresentation of the environmental record to an intentional exaggeration of scientific findings, not to a lack of training.

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24. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

Choice (E) is correct. The author of Passage 1 implies that environmentalists manipulate facts to make people fearful, and the author of Passage 2 claims that they continue to employ grim language, though they have made great strides.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Neither author contends that the state of the environment is in decline.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. On the contrary, both authors suggest that the environmental movement is politically motivated to some degree.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. While both authors agree that most of the information citizens receive is pessimistic, neither author suggests that this information is too technical. The first passage in fact criticizes environmentalists for oversimplifying "the often difficult and complex findings of science."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Both authors suggest that environmental proponents may "hide important scientific disagreements" or employ "images of futility, crisis, and decline," but neither claims that environmental spokespeople know too little about their field.

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