2019新SAT考试官方指南阅读中心题型解析2

>>SAT阅读：2019新SAT考试官方指南阅读中心题型解析2

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P648——Section 3

对待新兴现代艺术的态度

19. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

Choice (C) is correct. The passage is clearly part of a larger piece, and the first paragraph of the passage relates primarily to that larger piece. The bulk of the passage, however, is devoted to a clarification of a single point: "What is it that the majority of people call aesthetic pleasure?" The attempt to answer this question about the nature of the pleasure that most people find in a work of art is the primary concern of the passage.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The passage is not primarily concerned with artists, and thus neither discusses the lives that they actually lead nor the lives that they imagine. The passage is strictly concerned with an analysis of what makes people react to a work of art with pleasure.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The passage does suggest that the emotional impact of a painting's subject matter plays a role in causing people to like the painting. But the passage is not primarily about paintings. It is about works of art quite generally. Moreover, the passage is as concerned with works of art whose subject matter has no emotional impact as it is with works of art that do have emotional impact. The passage draws on this contrast in its discussion of what most people mean when they say that they like a work of art or that it is good.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The passage is not concerned with the wide variety of responses people have to art. Rather, it is concerned with analyzing one particular response to works of art, the response called "aesthetic pleasure." Responses other than pleasure are only mentioned to support this analysis.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The first paragraph suggests that the contrast between the new art and the old may be the primary concern of the larger text that the passage is a part of. The passage itself, however, focuses on clarifying what people call "aesthetic pleasure," not on the differences between the new and the old art.

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20. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer C :

Choice (C) is correct. Line 18 speaks of the figures of men or women that might be found in a painting. So "figures" is used to mean depictions or representations.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. Although "images" is roughly equivalent to the word "figures" here, there is nothing in line 18 or any of the surrounding lines to suggest that crudeness is a defining feature of the figures mentioned.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The figures of men and women that are mentioned in line 18 might be abstract, but only up to a point. The figures have to succeed "in creating the illusion necessary to make the imaginary personages appear like living persons." Mostly, figures that create this illusion will be men and women painted "true-to-life." So "abstractions" in this sense is clearly incorrect. Moreover, the phrase "abstractions of men or women" is not a reasonable substitute for the phrase "figures of men or women."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Although there are contexts in which "figures" essentially means numbers, those contexts tend to be mathematical or financial contexts. If "numbers" were substituted for "figures" in line 18, it would mean "many," a meaning that the word "figures" does not carry in this context.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. "Figures" could possibly mean "famous persons." But the complete phrase that appears in line 18 is "figures of men and women." If "famous persons" were used here, "men and women" would have to be deleted or "famous men and women" would have to be used.

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21. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer B :

Choice (B) is correct. The phrase "the story of John and Susie" is used to refer quite generally to a relationship any man and woman could have that could be the subject matter of a work of art (a play, a novel, a painting, etc.).

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author of the passage does not critique any specific work of art, nor does the phrase "the story of John and Susie" refer to a specific work of art. The author suggests that "the story of John and Susie" might be a book, a painting, or a scene in a play. The author also suggests that "the story of John and Susie" could apply to works at different levels of difficulty. This way of talking about "the story" clearly signals that no particular work is intended.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. "The story of John and Susie" is a stand-in for any story in drama, prose fiction, painting, etc., that is centered on a man and a woman and their relationship with one another. There is no reference made to any specific John or to any specific Susie, and therefore also not to any specific affair. There is no indication in the passage that the story is in the form of a mystery.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. "Legendary couple" describes Tristan and Isolde, not John and Susie, whose names seem to have been selected precisely so that no one would think that they refer to famous people.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. John and Susie stand for any man and any woman whose relationship has been the subject of an artist's treatment, whether the artist was a dramatist, a novelist, or a painter. John and Susie are not particular people.

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22. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer D :

Choice (D) is correct. The author says that modern art "is not for people in general." The author also says that the majority of people do not know what to make of art in which purely aesthetic elements predominate. What they like is art that gives them "people and passions." Since in the author's view aesthetic elements are more important than people and passions in modern art, the passage suggests that the majority of people resist modern art because of its lack of human interest.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author does not suggest that the response of the majority of people to modern art is affected by what people think of the artists themselves. There is some suggestion that there may be the opposite sort of relationship: people may think of artists as elitist because those artists' work has made them "feel out of their depth."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The passage does not mention art critics and does not explore any influence art critics may have on people's responses to art.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author does not suggest that modern art has any particular social message. Moreover, the reaction of the majority of people to modern art is not described as one of annoyance so much as it is described as one of incomprehension.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The author suggests that the majority of people resist modern art because they do not find in it the kinds of "human forms and fates" that engage their interests. The author does not say anything to suggest that the resistance to modern art has anything to do with how difficult it is for people to "guess at the artist's source of inspiration."

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23. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer E :

Choice (E) is correct. The author asks what most people call “aesthetic pleasure” and then answers this question at length in a way that does not seem entirely unsympathetic. The author appears tolerant in that the views of the majority of people are presented as sensible and coherent on their own terms. Later, though, the author pronounces these views completely wrongheaded. The author betrays condescension throughout, perhaps most clearly in the dismissive characterization of most people as sentimental, as seeking in a work of art nothing but “the moving fate of John and Susie.”

Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

Choice (A) is incorrect. The author is not puzzled at all. The author asks, “What is it that the majority of people call aesthetic pleasure?” The author goes on to say, “The answer is easy.” The author later claims that the idea of aesthetic pleasure held by the majority of the people is plain wrong but expresses no puzzlement over this.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. There is no indication that the author is aggressively hostile. While it could be argued that the author holds a fairly low opinion of most people, the passage does not contain the kind of harsh tone, openly insulting language, or offensive comparisons that could be said to express aggressive hostility.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. Perhaps the earliest indication that the author’s attitude toward the majority of people is not one of solemn respect occurs when the author asks, “What happens in their [the majority’s] minds when they ‘like’ a work of art?” The quotation marks around the word “like” are an important clue. Using quotation marks to call attention to such an everyday word as “like” is probably a sign that the author does not take the people who do the liking, or who say they do, entirely seriously; that is, the author does not really respect them.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. Even though the author’s judgment is that there is no merit in most people’s opinions, the author shows too much engagement to be called “generally indifferent.”

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24. ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Explanation for Correct Answer A :

Choice (A) is correct. In lines 45-47, the author says emphatically that "preoccupation with the human content" of a work of art is "in principle incompatible with aesthetic enjoyment proper." In the discussion in lines 20-41, the author makes it clear that the alternative to being preoccupied with people and passions is the consideration of "artistic forms proper," or "purely aesthetic elements" (line 31). Since the author believes that there is such a thing as "true artistic pleasure" this pleasure must come from this alternative response to a work of art.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :

Choice (B) is incorrect. The author suggests that true aesthetic enjoyment comes from the purely aesthetic elements of the work the artist has actually produced. There is no hint that the artist's intentions ought to be taken into account.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :

Choice (C) is incorrect. The author might grant that responses to a work of art vary but appears to find certain definitional matters quite straightforward. For example, the author defines the responses of the majority of people as falling outside, and even as being incompatible with, "aesthetic enjoyment proper."

Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :

Choice (D) is incorrect. The moral conventions of the artist's society—in other words, that society's rules concerning what is and what is not proper personal behavior—do not enter into the author's discussion at all.

Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :

Choice (E) is incorrect. The author does not discuss how people interpret a work of art, that is, what meaning the work has for them. The author's focus is squarely on what makes the difference between works that the majority of people do or do not like.

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