SAT写作范文赏析：经典人物巴斯德

>>SAT写作赏析：SAT写作范文赏析：经典人物巴斯德

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路易·巴斯德(Louis Pasteur)是法国著名的微生物学家、爱国化学家，他研究了微生物的类型、习性、营养、繁殖、作用等，把微生物的研究从主要研究微生物的形态转移到研究微生物的生理途径上来，从而奠定了工业微生物学和医学微生物学的基础，并开创了微生物生理学。

Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822 in Dole, in the region of Jura, France. His discovery that most infectious diseases are caused by germs, known as the "germ theory of disease", is one of the most important in medical history. His work became the foundation for the science of microbiology, and a cornerstone of modern medicine.

路易·巴斯德于1822年12月27日出生在法国汝拉地区的多尔。他发现大多数传染病是由细菌引起的，被称为“疾病的微生物理论”，是医学历史上最重要的发现之一。他的工作成为了微生物学的基础，也是现代医学的基石。

Pasteur's phenomenal contributions to microbiology and medicine can be summarized as follows. First, he championed changes in hospital practices to minimize the spread of disease by microbes. Second, he discovered that weakened forms of a microbe could be used as an immunization against more virulent forms of the microbe. Third, Pasteur found that rabies was transmitted by agents so small they could not be seen under a microscope, thus revealing the world of viruses. As a result he developed techniques to vaccinate dogs against rabies, and to treat humans bitten by rabid dogs. And fourth, Pasteur developed "pasteurization", a process by which harmful microbes in perishable food products are destroyed using heat, without destroying the food.

巴斯德对微生物和医学的卓越贡献可以概括如下。首先，他倡导改变医院的做法，以减少微生物传播疾病。其次，他发现一种微生物的弱化形式可以作为一种对微生物更致命形式的免疫。第三，巴斯德发现狂犬病是由小动物传播的，它们在显微镜下无法看到，从而揭示了病毒的世界。结果，他发明了给狗注射狂犬病疫苗的技术，并治疗被疯狗咬伤的人。第四，巴斯德发明了“巴氏灭菌法”，在不破坏食物的情况下，易腐烂的食品中的有害微生物会被加热破坏。

Research on Fermentation and Spontaneous Generation

At the request of a distiller named Bigo from the north of France, Pasteur began to examine why alcohol becomes contaminated with undesirable substances during fermentation. He soon demonstrated that each sort of fermentation is linked to the existence of a specific microorganism or ferment -- a living being that one can study by cultivation in an appropriate, sterile medium. This insight is the basis of microbiology.

Pasteur delivered the fatal blow to the doctrine of spontaneous generation, the theory held for 20 centuries that life could arise spontaneously in organic materials. He also developed a germ theory. At the same time, he discovered the existence of life without oxygen:

"Fermentation is the consequence of life without air". The discovery of anaerobic life paved the way for the study of germs that cause septicemia and gangrene, among other infections. Thanks to Pasteur, it became possible to devise techniques to kill microbes and to control contamination.

发酵与自然生成的研究。

在法国北部的一个叫Bigo的酿酒商的要求下，巴斯德开始研究为什么酒精在发酵过程中会受到不良物质的污染。他很快证明，每种发酵都与特定微生物或酵素的存在有关——一种生物可以通过适当的、无菌的培养基进行培养。这是微生物学的基础。

巴斯德对自然产生的学说提出了致命的一击，这一理论在20世纪中被认为是有机材料中自发产生的。他还发展了一种微生物理论。与此同时，他发现了生命中没有氧气的存在:

“发酵是没有空气的生活的结果”。厌氧生活的发现为研究导致败血症和坏疽以及其他感染的细菌铺平了道路。多亏了巴斯德，发明了杀死微生物和控制污染的技术成为可能。

Technique of "Pasteurization"

Emperor Napoleon III asked Pasteur to investigate the diseases afflicting wine which were causing considerable economic losses to the wine industry. Pasteur went to a vineyard in Arbois in 1864 to study this problem. He demonstrated that wine diseases are caused by microorganisms that can be killed by heating the wine to 55deg.C for several minutes. Applied to beer and milk, this process, called "pasteurization", soon came into use throughout the world.

“巴氏消毒法”的技术

拿破仑三世要求巴斯德调查影响葡萄酒的疾病，这些疾病给葡萄酒产业造成了相当大的经济损失。1864年，巴斯德来到阿尔布瓦的一个葡萄园研究这个问题。他证明了葡萄酒疾病是由微生物引起的，而微生物可以通过将葡萄酒加热到55deg来杀死。C几分钟。这一过程被称为“巴氏灭菌法”，应用于啤酒和牛奶，很快就在世界各地广泛使用。

A Man of Freedom and Rigor

Pasteur's work is not simply the sum of his discoveries. It also represents the revolution of scientific methodology. Pasteur superimposed two indisputable rules of modern research: the freedom of creative imagination necessarily subjected to rigorous experimentation. He would teach his disciples :

"Do not put forward anything that you cannot prove by experimentation"

Louis Pasteur was a humanist, always working towards the improvement of the human condition. He was a free man who never hesitated to take issue with the prevailing yet false ideas of his time.He ascribed particular importance to the spread of knowledge and the applications of research.

In the scientist's lifetime, Pasteurien theory and method were put into use well beyond the borders of France.

Fully aware of the international importance of his work, Pasteur's disciples dispersed themselves wherever their assistance was needed. In 1891, the first Foreign Institut Pasteur was founded in Saigon (today Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) launching what was to become a vast international network of Instituts Pasteur.

Because he changed the world forever, his homeland and the world have long considered him a benefactor of humanity.

一个自由和严谨的人

巴斯德的工作不仅仅是他的发现的总和。它也代表了科学方法论的革命。巴斯德对现代研究提出了两个无可争议的规则:创造性想象力的自由必然受到严格的实验。他会教导他的门徒:

"不要提出任何你无法通过实验证明的东西"

路易·巴斯德是一位人道主义者，一直致力于改善人类的状况。他是一个自由的人，他从不犹豫，对当时盛行的、错误的观念提出异议。他认为知识的传播和研究的应用特别重要。

在这位科学家的一生中，巴氏灭菌理论和方法被广泛应用于法国以外的地区。

巴斯德的信徒充分意识到他的工作在国际上的重要性，在需要援助的地方分散了他们的注意力。1891年，第 一个外国研究所在西贡(今天的越南胡志明市)成立，成立了一个由巴斯德研究所组成的庞大国际网络。

因为他永远改变了世界，他的祖国和世界一直认为他是人类的恩人。

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