2018年5月5日SAT阅读真题及解析2

>>SAT真题回忆：2018年5月5日SAT阅读真题及解析2

>>SAT考试课程辅导

SAT阅读真题原文2之社科类

选于Remember That? No YouDon’t.Study Shows FalseMemories Afflict Us All，作者Tara Thean

文章大意：现象解释性文章，第 一段首先列出了一个现象：false memories是一种普遍存在的现象，即便那些记忆力超强，对经历的事情无论是时间地点还是其他具体细节都记得清清楚楚的人都会受到这种记忆误区的影响。加州大学的教授们据此展开了一系列研究，结果是so-called lures — words that would make subjects think of other,related ones是主要原因。

Passage 2: False Memory, Social Science

RememberThat? No, You Don’t. Study Shows False Memories Afflict Us All

Even people with extraordinary memories sometimes make things up without realizing it.

It’s easy enough to explain why we rememberthings: multiple regions of the brain — particularlythe hippocampus — are devoted to the job. It’s easy to understand why we forgetstuff too: there’s only so much any busy brain can handle. What’s trickier iswhat happens in between: when we clearly remember things that simply neverhappened.

The phenomenon of false memories iscommon to everybody — the party you’re certain you attended in high school,say, when you were actually home with the flu, but so many people have told youabout it over the years that it’s made its way into your own memory cache.False memories can sometimes be a mere curiosity, but other times they havereal implications. Innocent people have gone to jail when well-intentionedeyewitnesses testify to events that actually unfolded an entirely differentway.

What’s long been a puzzle to memoryscientists is whether some people may be more susceptible to false memoriesthan others — and, by extension, whether some people with exceptionally goodmemories may be immune to them. A new study in the Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences answersboth questions with a decisive no. False memories afflict everyone — evenpeople with the best memories of all.

To conduct the study, a team led bypsychologist Lawrence Patihis of the University of California, Irvine, recruited a sample group of people all ofapproximately the same age and divided them into two subgroups: those withordinary memory and those with what is known as highly superiorautobiographical memory (HSAM). You’ve met people like that before, and theycan be downright eerie. They’re the ones who can tell you the exact date onwhich particular events happened — whether in their own lives or in the news — aswell as all manner of minute additional details surrounding the event that mostpeople would forget the second they happened.

To screen for HSAM, the researchershad all the subjects take a quiz that asked such questions as “[On what date]did an Iraqi journalist hurl two shoes at President Bush?” or “What publicevent occurred on Oct. 11, 2002?” Those who excelled on that part of thescreening would move to a second stage, in which they were given random,computer-generated dates and asked to say the day of the week on which it fell,and to recall both a personal experience that occurred that day and a publicevent that could be verified with a search engine.

“It was a Monday,” said one personasked about Oct. 19, 1987. “That was the day of the big stock-market crash andthe cellist Jacqueline du Pré died that day.” That’s somepretty specific recall. Ultimately, 20 subjects qualified for the HSAM groupand another 38 went into the ordinary-memory category. Both groups werethen tested for their ability to resist developing false memories during aseries of exercises designed to implant them.

In one, for example, theinvestigators spoke with the subjects about the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks andmentioned in passing the footage that had been captured of United Flight 93crashing in Pennsylvania — footage, of course, that does not exist. In bothgroups — HSAM subjects and those with normal memories — about 1 in 5 people “remembered”seeing this footage when asked about it later.

“It just seemed like something wasfalling out of the sky,” said one of the HSAM participants. “I was just, youknow, kind of stunned by watching it, you know, go down.”

Word recall was also hazy. Thescientists showed participants word lists, then removed the lists and testedthe subjects on words that had and hadn’t been included. The lists allcontained so-called lures — words that would make subjects think of other,related ones. The words pillow, duvet and nap, for example, might lead to a false memory of seeing the word sleep. All of the participants in both groups fell for the lures,with at least eight such errors per person—though some tallied as many as 20.Both groups also performed unreliably when shown photographs and fed luresintended to make them think they’d seen details in the pictures they hadn’t.Here too, the HSAM subjects cooked up as many fake images as the ordinaryfolks.

“What I love about the study is howit communicates something that memory-distortion researchers have suspected forsome time, that perhaps no one is immune to memory distortion,” said Patihis.

What the study doesn’t do, Patihisadmits, is explain why HSAM people exist at all. Their prodigious recall is amatter of scientific fact, and one of the goals of the new work was to see ifan innate resistance to manufactured memories might be one of the reasons. Buton that score, the researchers came up empty.

“It rules something out,” Patihissaid. “[HSAM individuals] probably reconstruct memories in the same way thatordinary people do. So now we have to think about how else we could explain it.”He and others will continue to look for that secret sauce that elevatessuperior recall over the ordinary kind. But for now, memory still appears to befragile, malleable and prone to errors — for all of us.

SAT阅读真题解读2之社科类

选于Remember That? No YouDon’t.Study Shows FalseMemories Afflict Us All，作者Tara Thean

文章大意：现象解释性文章，第 一段首先列出了一个现象：false memories是一种普遍存在的现象，即便那些记忆力超强，对经历的事情无论是时间地点还是其他具体细节都记得清清楚楚的人都会受到这种记忆误区的影响。加州大学的教授们据此展开了一系列研究，结果是so-called lures — words that would make subjects think of other,related ones是主要原因。

题目：

第 一题：词汇题 curiosity。

第二题&第三题：细节信息加证据，考第 一段结尾，false memory有害(damaging)。

第四题：词汇题 exact。

第五题：考察实验设计，问它设置的那些干扰词有什么特点(criticallure)。

第六题：考倒数第二段主旨，别的科学家不意外。

第七题：考第6题的证据。

第八题：跟原文无关的图表，很简单，读记忆力强组的Y轴。

第九题：跟原文无关的图表题，结合两个图标考对照组的两个Y值。

第十题：跟原文有关的图表题，图表信息支持了文章核心主旨，记忆力跟错误记忆的。

以上就是小编分享的SAT真题回忆中的阅读及解析内容了，大家对于考试还有什么想了解的可关注坦途网SAT考试频道，小编提前祝大家都能得到好成绩！