2017新GRE写作官方题库Argument全题解析汇总(41)
>>GRE写作:2017新GRE写作官方题库Argument全题解析汇总(41)
>>GRE考试辅导:精品课程高端指导
GRE官方题库原题41
Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species' extinctions.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
题目翻译
大约7000年前人类到达了Kaliko岛,在3000年内曾经生活在Kaliko岛的树林中的大型哺乳动物绝大多数已经灭绝了。然而人类并不是导致这些物种灭绝的因素,因为没有证据表明人类与这些哺乳动物有很多接触。而且,考古学家发现一些有大量鱼骨被抛弃的场所,而他们并没有发现存在大型哺乳动物骨头的类似场所,因而人类并没有猎杀这些哺乳动物。因此,一定是一些气候上的变化或其他环境因素导致了这些物种的灭绝。
题目分析
论断:天气变化或其他环境因素导致了种类灭绝。因为人不可能是灭绝的一个因素。没有证据表明人和哺乳动物有很多接触。另外考古学家发现了很多带有鱼骨的地方,但没有发现含有大型哺乳动物的骨头的地方,所以人不可能捕杀哺乳动物。
·前提,不是人造成的灭绝。没有接触也能造成灭绝,破坏食物链,污染等等。
·前提,人没有捕杀哺乳动物。没有发现有遗弃骨头的地方,不证明不猎杀。有可能只带肉回来,或是把骨头做成了装饰品。There still a logical error made by the arguer by treating a lack of proof that something is the case as consituting sufficient proof that it is not the case.
·结论:就算不是人造成的,人也脱不了干系。
提纲参考
1. 充分必要条件。
2. 类似,没发现不说明没有。
3. 没有证据证明一定是气候和环境导致。封闭环境近亲繁殖,遗传因素。其它复杂因素导致。
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