2017新GRE写作官方题库Argument全题解析汇总(20)

>>GRE写作：2017新GRE写作官方题库Argument全题解析汇总(20)       >>GRE考试辅导

GRE官方题库原题20

The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.

"Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades, food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

题目分析

论断：S的新用途会继续平稳地降低居民平均头疼。因为S与阿斯匹林同属一个化学家庭。过去几十年中食品公司把S做为防腐剂添加到食品中，一项长达二十年的研究发现这种商业用途的增加伴随着头疼报告的下降。

论断的前提不被必然保证。论断的前提是S能治疗或降低头疼。但是论者并没有提供有关的科学研究以证明S具有这样的作用。虽然论者说S与阿斯匹林同属一个化学家庭，但这只能说明他们的化学结构相近，并不能保证必然具有与阿斯匹林一样的作用。

论断的论据不具备说服力。论断引用一份二十年的研究，这份研究说在S被食品商用于防腐剂的年代里，研究中报告头疼的人少了。首先论者没能排除有人头疼但没报告的可能性。其次是他也没能排除其他因素导致头疼下降的可能，比如医学发达，环境质量好了，人们生活规律了等等。这都不能说明S的食用降低了头疼的发生。

论者的结论非常武断。他认为头疼还会有持续稳步下降，但就算S真能影响头疼也还可能会有其他因素导致头疼上升，比如生活节奏加快、工作压力突然加大等等。另外如果S对头疼有作用，是否是越多越好，论断也没有给出依据。

结论：论者所做的结论很武断，论者若想增加说服力还应该提供具体关于S的医疗作用的研究。

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