2019下半年英语六级考试听力文本2

坦途网英语六级考试频道将一直为大家分享英语六级考试时间、考试技巧以及备考资料等内容，帮助大家顺利“上岸”。其实在听力中，我们要是掌握好方法和技巧，是可以拿到较高的分数的。除此之外，大家还可以通过练习题进行总结归纳。

人口老龄化致劳动力萎缩

Aging Americans Means Shrinking Workforce

Americans are getting older, and family size is getting smaller. That means the United States will have less working adults in the future.

By 2030, twenty percent of U.S. residents will be 66 years of age or older. That compares to 13 percent in 2010, and just under 10 percent in 1970.

The aging population could be a concern if Americans expect to have an expanding population, says David Kelly. He is with the investment company J.P. Morgan Asset Management.

"If you're investing in things like the housing industry or the auto industry and you need an ever-growing population, then you have to adjust to a world in which the U.S. population is growing more slowly," he said.

Different studies show that an aging population cuts into economic growth, and older workers who stay on the job are often less productive than younger ones.

But as Americans are aging, last year the birth rate nationwide dropped to its lowest level in 32 years. Less than 3.8 million babies were born in 2018, which is two percent less than the year before. Taken as a whole, the population grew only six-tenths of one percent in 2018, compared to 1.2 percent growth in the 1990s.

Kelly said the low birth rate is not necessarily bad news. Looking beyond economics, a growing world population could do more damage to Earth's environment. He said that U.S. policy makers should plan for dealing with a smaller workforce.

"We really should adapt to a world of slow population growth because it's clearly happening to us," he said.

What will replace human workers? Like others, Kelly expects the lack of workers to fuel the growth of robotics and artificial intelligence. He said that Americans need to prepare for the U.S. economic growth to slow a little in the future.

Another way to fix the shrinking workforce is to add more legal immigrants. Immigrants usually arrive in the United States when they are of working age.

But this is not an easy solution, because the U.S. Congress and President Donald Trump continue to disagree over how to deal with immigration issues.

The U.S. economy can easily make changes to deal with the slower population growth, Kelly said. But he worries that politics could get in the way of solutions.

"The real question is a political question," he notes, "because it seems even as our population matures in years, it seems that our political system gets less mature in terms of thought process."

I'm Anne Ball.

六级听力重点解析：

1.population growth 人口增长

What factors drive or constrain population growthin prehistory and history?

史前以及历史上是什么因素推动或者束缚了人口的增长?

2.cut into 打断;侵犯

You should not cut into their conversation.

你不应该打断他们的谈话。

3.adapt to 适应

The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.

世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。

4.artificial intelligence 人工智能

They have made great progress in machine translation and artificial intelligence.

他们在机器翻译和人工智能方面取得了重大进展。

5.The U.S. economy can easily make changes to deal with the slower population growth, Kelly said.

deal with 处理;应付

She saw a psychiatrist who used hypnotism to help her deal with her fear.

她去看了一位用催眠术帮她克服恐惧感的精神科医生。

The President said the agreement would allow other vital problems to be dealt with.

总统说这项协议将能使其他关键问题得到解决。

6.But he worries that politics could get in the way of solutions.

get in the way 阻碍;妨碍

Can is go along with you? I won't get in the way.

我能和你一块去吗?我不会碍你事的。

In all this politics will definitely get in the way.

政治肯定会阻碍这一切得到解决。

六级听力参考译文：

美国人口老龄化意味着劳动力萎缩

美国老龄化愈加严重，家庭规模也逐渐缩小。这意味着未来美国的成年劳动力会日益减少。

到2030年，20%的美国居民将年满或年逾66岁。相比之下，2010年的这一比例只有13%，而1970年还不到10%。

大卫·凯利(David Kelly)表示，如果美国人希望人口不断增长，人口老龄化可能会成为问题。凯利就职于摩根资产管理公司。

他说：“如果你投资房地产或汽车等需要人口不断增长的行业，那你必须得适应美国人口增长放缓的社会现状。”

不同的研究表明，人口老龄化会减缓经济增长，而且老龄员工的工作效率通常低于年轻人。

但是随着美国人口老龄化，去年美国的出生率降至32年来的zui低水平。2018年出生的婴儿数量不足380万，比上一年减少2%。从整体来看，2018年美国人口增长率只有0.6%，而上世纪90年代的增长率为1.2%。

凯利表示，低出生率并不一定就是坏消息。撇开经济影响，人口不断增长可能会给地球环境造成更大的破坏。他说，美国的政策制定者应该计划应对劳动力减少问题。

他说：“我们确实应该适应人口增长缓慢的现状，这显然已经发生在我们身上了。”

什么将会取代人类劳动力?与其他人一样，凯利预计劳动力缺乏将推动机器人技术和人工智能发展。他说，美国人必须为美国经济增长未来略微放缓做好准备。

解决劳动力萎缩的另一途径是增加更多的合法移民。移民通常会在就业年龄来到美国。

但是这也很棘手，因为美国国会与总统特朗普在如何处理移民问题上仍然存在分歧。

凯利表示，美国经济很容易做出改变，以应对人口增长放缓。但他担心政治因素会成为阻碍。

他指出：“本质上其实是一个政治问题，因为看上去即使未来几年我们的人口发展成熟，我们的政治体系在思维过程方面还不够成熟。”

12月的英语六级考试距离现在还有半年的时间，因此大家的备考时间非常充裕。大家在听听力的时候首先要找出关键词，通过关键词进行判断说话者身份。其次就是要带着问题去听，一边听一边找出答案。最后是需要大家边听边做笔录，这样可以帮助我们在忘记原文的时候去回顾。