英语专八人文知识需知的美国名人5

>>英语专八人文知识：英语专八人文知识需知的美国名人5

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《汤姆叔叔的小屋》作者

比彻·斯托夫人(Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896)

斯托(1811～1896)美国女作家，生于康涅狄格州。父亲是著名牧师革曼·比彻。幼年因父亲关系颇受加尔文教派影响。青年时期因其叔父萨缪尔·福特的影响接受了自由主义信仰。她喜欢读司各特的浪漫小说，这在她后来的著作中有明显反映，1832年，她随全家迁往辛辛那提市，在一座女子学校教书，写了一些关于新英格兰生活的随笔。1836年，她与父亲所在的神学院的C.E.斯托教授结婚。其间，她访问了肯塔基州，目睹了那里奴隶的生活，这为她后来的小说提供了素材;她又受到父亲学校中强烈的反奴隶制情绪的影响。这种情绪成了她小说的基调。1850年，她随丈夫迁至缅因州，那里关于反奴隶制的讨论使她无比激动，于是利用空闲时间写出了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(1852)。小说引起强烈反响，使她一举成名。为了反驳保守势力的攻击，1853年她发表了《〈汤姆叔叔的小屋〉题解》，引用法律、法院档案、报纸和私人信件等大量材料证明她的小说所揭露的事实。她的其他主要著作有：《德雷德，阴暗的大沼地的故事》(1856)，《奥尔岛上的明珠》(1862)，《老镇上的人们》(1869)，《粉色和白色的暴政》(1871)，以及一些宗教诗，收入1867年出版的《宗教诗选》。她还写过一篇虚构的维护女权的论文《我妻子和我》(1871)，今天常常被女权主义者引用。斯托夫人晚年主要住在佛罗里达，在《棕榈叶》(1873)一书中描写了她在那里的宁静生活。

她的作品《汤姆叔叔的小屋》唤醒了一代废奴主义者，酝酿了一场内战。

Her Uncle Tom’s Cabin inspired a generation of abolitionists and set the stage for civilwar.

Harriet Beecher Stowe (June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American abolitionist and author.Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) depicted life for African-Americans under slavery; itreached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and UnitedKingdom and made the political issues of the 1850s regarding slavery tangible to millions, energizinganti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Uponmeeting Stowe, Abraham Lincoln allegedly remarked, "So you're the little lady who started thisgreat war!" The quote is regarded as apocryphal.

Life

Harriet Elisabeth Beecher was born in Litchfield, Connecticut on June 14, 1811. She was thedaughter of outspoken religious leader Lyman Beecher and Roxana Foote, a deeply religiouswoman who died when Stowe was four years old. She was the sister of the educator and author,Catharine Beecher, clergymen Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, and Edward Beecher.

Harriet enrolled in the seminary run by her eldest sister Catharine, where she received a traditionally"male" education. At the age of 21, she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio to join her father, who hadbecome the president of Lane Theological Seminary, and in 1836 she married Calvin Ellis Stowe, aprofessor at the seminary and an ardent critic of slavery. The Stowes supported the UndergroundRailroad and housed several fugitive slaves in their home. They eventually moved to Brunswick,Maine, where Calvin taught at Bowdoin College.

In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law, prohibiting assistance to fugitives. Stowe wasmoved to present her objections on paper, and in June 1851, the first installment of Uncle Tom'sCabin appeared in the antislavery journal National Era. The 40-year-old mother of seven childrensparked a national debate and, as Abraham Lincoln is said to have noted, a war. Stowe died on July1, 1896, at age eighty-five, in Hartford, Connecticut.

Landmarks related to Harriet Beecher Stowe

The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Cincinnati, Ohio is the former home of her father LymanBeecher on the former campus of the Lane Seminary. Her father was a preacher who was greatlyaffected by the pro-slavery riots that took place in Cincinnati in 1834. Harriet Beecher Stowe livedhere until her marriage. It is open to the public and operated as an historical and cultural site,focusing on Harriet Beecher Stowe, the Lane Seminary and the Underground Railroad. The site alsopresents African-American history.

In the 1870s and 1880s, Stowe and her family wintered in Mandarin, Florida, now a suburb ofmodern consolidated Jacksonville, on the St. Johns River. Stowe wrote Palmetto Leaves while livingin Mandarin, arguably the most effective and eloquent piece of promotional literature directed atFlorida's potential Northern investors at the time. The book was published in 1873 and describesNortheast Florida and its residents. In 1870, Stowe created an integrated school in Mandarin forchildren and adults. This was an early step toward providing equal education in the area andpredated the national movement toward integration by more than a half century. The markercommemorating the Stowe family is located across the street from the former site of their cottage.It is on the property of the Community Club, at the site of a church where Stowe's husband onceserved as a minister.

The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Brunswick, Maine is where Uncle Tom's Cabin was written whileHarriet and Calvin lived there when Calvin worked at Bowdoin College. Although local interest for itspreservation as a museum has been strong in the past, it has long been an inn and Germanrestaurant. It most recently changed ownership in 1999 for $865,000.

The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Hartford, Connecticut is the house where Harriet lived for thelast 23 years of her life next door to fellow author Mark Twain. In this 5,000 sq ft (460 m2) cottagestyle house, there are many of Beecher Stowe's original items and items from the time period. Inthe research library, which is open to the public, there are numerous letters and documents fromthe Beecher family. The house is opened to the public and offers house tours on the half hour.

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