职称英语综合类B级完形填空辅导(2)

>>职称英语知识点解读：2017年职称英语综合类B级完形填空辅导(2)

he Difference between Man and Computer

What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet (1) ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) ______they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand， don't. In fact，computers don't (3) ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) ______is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".

Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5) ______ to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) ______order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) ______a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.

However ，these physiological and social goals give (8) ______to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) ______ about the name of a restaurant which (10) ______ the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) ______ "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14) ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) ______out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.

人与电脑的区别

是什么让人有别于电脑程序?我们的理论还没有解释的缺少的要素是什么?答案很简单：人们阅读报纸故事为了学习更多他们感兴趣的东西，而电脑不 是。事实上，电脑甚至连兴趣都没有，当它们试图阅读时它们没有寻找任何特别的东西。如果一个电脑程序是理解故事模式，那它也是为了某个意图去阅读。

诚然，人类的意图若是被强加到电脑身上便没有任何意义。一个人可能会读就餐指南，只是为了解决饥饿或是有娱乐目的，也可能是为了寻找一个吃商务餐的好地方。电脑不会饿，也不吃商务餐。

然而，这些心理和社会目标会导致一些智力或者认知目标。一个想要解决饥饿的意图会促使这样的念头产生：找到一个提供我们想要的食物的餐厅，这餐 厅叫什么名，价位如何，在什么位置等。我们把这些为了获取信息或者知识的目标叫做学习目标。电脑也能有这些目标;一台电脑也许“想要”寻找餐厅的方位，并 且为了做得像一个人一样去阅读一个指南。虽然这样的目标就电脑来说不是产生于饥饿，但电脑很可能从这个目标去获得更多关于餐厅的信息。