职称英语2017考试阅读理解复习（8）

>>职称英语阅读理解：职称英语2017考试阅读理解复习（8）

>>全国职称英语专项辅导课程
Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic（北极的）snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate（区分）the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio（人类环境杂志）, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem（生态系统）respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

译文：

六十年代和七十年代积累在土壤和雪中的铅矿床主要是源自美国的含铅汽油排放的结果。 “清洁空气法”二十年来，在美国规定了无铅气体使用，全球的铅积累量大幅度下降。

最近在“自然”杂志上发表的一项研究表明，美国的空气中导致的天然气排放量是造成格陵兰积雪高浓度的主要因素。这项新研究是由法国国家科学研究中心重金属对环境影响的专家Charles Boutron博士领导的继续研究的结果。Boutron博士在1991年发表的一项研究表明，北极的积雪的铅含量正在下降。

布特龙博士在他的新研究中发现，在美国使用的含铅汽油中铅的不同形式的比例与欧洲，亚洲和加拿大汽油的比例不同，从而使科学家能区分（区分）铅源。在格陵兰雪地中占主导地位的比例与美国汽油中发现的相当。

科学家在“人类环境杂志”杂志发表的一项研究中发现，自引入无铅汽油以来，美国东北部土壤铅含量明显下降。

许多科学家认为铅会长时间停留在土壤和雪中。

Ambio研究的作者研究了1980年和1990年在新英格兰，纽约和宾夕法尼亚30个森林地层同一地点取土的上层样品。森林环境加工并重新分配了铅，比科学家们更快预期。

科学家们说，这两项研究都表明，生态系统的某些部分（生态系统）对大气污染的减少作出了迅速的反应，但是这些发现不应该被用作污染的许可证。

1.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that

A.the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow.

B.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results.

C.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected.

D.lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase.

正确答案：A

解析：问题问的是：自然杂志上刊登的研究表明什么？第二段开头提到自然杂志上刊登的研究表明从产自美国通过空气传播的含铅气体排放是导致格陵兰雪地中铅浓度高的主要原因。而格陵兰就是位于北极圈内。因此A正确,美国是北极雪中铅污染的主要来源。

2.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US

A.was discouraged.

B.was prohibited by law.

C.was enforced by law.

D.was introduced.

正确答案：C

解析：美国法律强制使用无铅汽油后,世界范围的铅金属积累量明显减少了。第一段最后一句话支持这一说法,注意,文中的“mandated”与C选项中的“enforced”意思相同,都是“强制”的意思。

3.How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland

A.By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.

B.By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.

C.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.

D.By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.

正确答案：B

解析：问题问的是：科学家是怎样发现格陵兰的铅污染来源的？第三段提到科学家发现美国汽油中的各种铅金属比重不同于欧洲,亚洲和加拿大的。通过比较这些铅比的不同判断出格陵兰雪中铅污染主要来自美国。因此B正确。

4.The authors of the Ambio study have found that

A.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected.

B.lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US.

C.lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with.

D.the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions.

正确答案：A

解析：问题问的是：人类环境杂志研究的作者发现了什么？倒数第二段结尾提到森林环境处理铅的速度之快超出科学家们的预期。因此A正确。

5.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists

A.feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline.

B.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution.

C.lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution.

D.still consider lead pollution a problem.

正确答案：D

解析：问题问的是：通过最后一段能推测出什么？最后一段提到了两项研究说明了某些生态系统对大气污染的减少给出了快速的回应,但是这并不能作为进一步的污染行为的许可证。因此D正确,科学家们仍然认为铅污染是个问题。

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