托福考试阅读推理题解题技巧详解

>>托福阅读：托福考试阅读推理题解题技巧详解

>>托福考试经典名师课程推荐

托福阅读中推理题有三种常见类型：比较推理、时间推理、归纳推理。

比较推理

原文出现了两个互相比较的事物，需要根据其中一个的特征反推出另外一个事物的特征。

比如TPO20 Passage1 Question11>>

原文：First came the steamboat; although flatboats and keelboats continued to be important until the 1850’s steamboats eventually superseded all other craft in the carrying of passengers and freight. Steamboats were not only faster but also transported upriver freight for about one tenth of what it had previously cost on hand-propelled keelboats.

问题：Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about flatboats and keelboats?

A. They ceased to be used as soon as the first turnpikes were built.

B. They were slower and more expensive to operate than steamboats.

C. They were used for long-distance but not for regional transportation.

D. They were used primarily on the Erie Canal.

原文把steamboat和flatboats and keelboats进行比较，说steamboat不仅更快而且费用是十分之一，那么取反推理一下就是flatboats and keelboats不仅更慢而且更贵，所以正确答案是B。

比较推理常见词汇和短语：by contrast，compared with，on one hand，on the other hand, different from，unlike等。

时间推理

一般是对比两个时间段，原文出现了其中一个时间段的事件或事物特征，需要推理出另外一个时间段的事件或事物特征。

比如TPO6 Passage2 Question3>>

原文：This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height.

问题：Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building?

A. Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions.

B. Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.

C. Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process.

D. Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata.

原文给的时间段是蒸汽火车头之前，运河建设达到了顶峰，那取反推理一下就是蒸汽火车头之后，运河建设下降了，所以正确答案是B。

时间推理常见标记词：before，after, ago, present, future等。

归纳推理

根据原文给出的不同事物共有的特点和属性归纳推理出相应的结论。

比如TPO26 Passage2 Question10>>

原文：The term retreat is applied to the short-term escape behavior of desert animals, and it usually assumes the pattern of a daily rhythm. Birds shelter in nests, rock overhangs, trees, and dense shrubs to avoid the hottest hours of the day, while mammals like the kangaroo rat burrow underground.

问题：It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that all of the places desert animals retreat to

A. provide shade from the sun

B. sometimes become crowded

C. are places where supplies of food are plentiful

D. leave the animals vulnerable to predators

原文给出的信息是鸟类会躲在巢穴里、悬石下、树上或者密集的灌木丛里，哺乳动物则会在地下打洞，共同的属性就是都要躲避太阳，那归纳推理出的结论就是沙漠里的动物都是躲在能够遮阴的地方，所以正确答案是A。

推理题解题的步骤：

1. 通过题干里的关键词找到对应的原文

2. 分析上下文，判断一下推理类型，得出相应的结论。

坦途网小编为大家介绍的阅读推理题解题方法就到这里，希望对明天要上考场的你们有所帮助。小编认为，大家通过这篇文章，一定可以学到一些答题技巧，这样在你们的考试过程中就可以平步青云。还想了解更多托福考试技巧的同学们，就来关注坦途网托福考试频道吧。