2018年托福写作素材：喝酒有害健康

>>托福作文素材：2018年托福写作素材：喝酒有害健康

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Regularly drinking(经常喝酒) above the UK alcohol guidelines can take years off your life(让人折寿), according to a major report.

The study of 600,000 drinkers estimated that having 10 to 15 alcoholic drinks(喝酒10-15杯/次) every week could shorten a person's life by between one and two years(折寿1-2年).

And they warned that people who drink more than 18 drinks a week could lose four to five years of their lives(折寿4-5年).

The 2016 UK guidelines recommend no more than 14 units a week, which is six pints of beer or seven glasses of wine.

Authors of the Lancet study said their findings backed up(支持/证明) the new guidelines and also said they did not find an increased risk of death for light drinkers.

Scientists, who compared the health and drinking habits of alcohol drinkers in 19 countries, modelled(勾勒出了) how much life a person could expect to lose if they drank the same way for the rest of their lives from the age of 40.

They found people who drank the equivalent(等量) of about five to 10 drinks a week could shorten their lives by up to six months.

The study's authors also found drinking increased the risk of cardiovascular illness(心血管疾病), with every 12.5 units of alcohol people drank above the guidelines raising the risk of:

l Stroke by 14% (中风)

l Fatal hypertensive disease by 24%(致命高血压)

l Heart failure by 9% (心力衰竭)

l Fatal aortic aneurysm by 15%

Drinking alcohol was linked with a reduced risk of non-fatal heart disease(心脏病), but scientists said this benefit was wiped out(被抹掉/被冲掉) by a higher risk of other forms of the illness.

Previous studies have suggested that drinking red wine can be good for our hearts, although some scientists have suggested these benefits may be overhyped(被高估).

Another Danish study found drinking three to four times a week was linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes(糖尿病).

"This study makes clear that on balance(总的来说) there are no health benefits from drinking alcohol, which is usually the case when things sound good to be true," said Tim Chico, professor of cardiovascular (心血管的)medicine at the University of Sheffield, who was not involved in the research.

"Although non-fatal heart attacks are less likely in people who drink, this benefit is swamped(淹没) by the increased risk of other forms of heart disease including fatal heart attacks and stroke(致命性心脏病和中风)."

Recommended limits in Italy, Portugal, and Spain are almost 50% higher than the UK guidelines, and in the USA the upper limit(上限) for men is nearly double this.

But Victoria Taylor, senior dietician(资深营养学家) at the British Heart Foundation, which partly funded the study, said this did not mean the UK "should rest on its laurels".

"Many people in the UK regularly drink over what's recommended" she said.

"We should always remember that alcohol guidelines should act as a limit, not a target, and try to drink well below this threshold(门槛)."

Dr Angela Wood, from the University of Cambridge, lead author(主笔) of the study, said: "The key message of this research is that, if you already drink alcohol, drinking less may help you live longer and lower your risk of several cardiovascular conditions."

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