2018托福模拟题之阅读解析10

>>托福阅读解析：2018托福模拟题之阅读解析10

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【待插入句子】 This process of speciation and colonization could have been repeated over and over again, gradually involving all the islands in the chain.

【待插入段落】The species on the Galapagos Islands today, most of which occur nowhere else, descended from organisms that floated, flew, or were blown over the sea from the South American mainland. For instance, the Galapagos island chain has a total of thirteen species of closely related birds called Galapagos finches. These birds have many similarities but differ in their feeding habits and their beak type, which is correlated with what they eat. Accumulated evidence indicates that all thirteen finch species evolved from a single small population of ancestral birds that colonized one of the islands. Completely isolated on the island after migrating from the mainland, the founder population may have undergone significant changes in its gene pool and become a new species. [A] Later, a few individuals of this new species may have been blown by storms to a neighboring island. [B]Isolated on this second island, the second founder population could have evolved into a second new species, which could later recolonize the island from which its founding population emigrated.[C]Today each Galapagos island has multiple species of finches, with as many as ten on some islands.[D]

1.答案：3rd square;

2.待插入句子：这个分化和殖民的过程会被不断重复，逐渐地包含所有的岛屿。

3.待插入段落：1st, 在G群岛上的物种们(大部分在别处都不存在)，起源于一些生物(它们漂浮/飞或者被吹过来)。2nd, 举个例子，G群岛共有13种关系紧密的鸟类(叫G flinches)。3rd, 这些鸟儿在饮食习性及嘴巴类型上有差异(这和它们的食物相匹配)。4th, 越来越多证据表明，13种鸟都来自一种古代鸟。5th, 完全隔绝在岛上，最初的群体经历了巨大的改变(在基因库)，并变成了新物种。

6th, 之后，(新物种的)一些个体被风暴吹到了临近的岛屿。

7th, 在这第二个岛上被隔离，第二个founder population进化出第二个新物种(它们后来重新占领了那个岛——它们的祖先就是从这里移居出去的)。

8th, 现在，每个G岛都有好多种类的flinches。

4.分析：待插入句子提到了this process，所以要有指代，而且说的是不断分化和殖民的过程，看起来是比较概括性的说法，前面应该对这个过程有具体阐述。

在段落中，前面第一句话是总起的Topic Sentence; 之后举具体的例子，开始描述G群岛上鸟类的分化过程，5th～7th具体讲了如何从最初的鸟分化到更多，所以正好放在7th后面，8th开始讲分化之后的结果，正好衔接起来。

词汇积累

descended from 起源于

differ in 有差异

correlated with 和...相符

founder 创建者

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