公共英语五级考试模拟试题5

>>公共英语考试模拟：公共英语五级考试模拟试题5

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Part B：In the following article some paragraphs have been removed. For Questions 66——70, choose the most suitableparagraph from the list A——F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does not fit in anyof the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Periodically in history, there come periods of great transition in which work changes its meaning. There was atime, perhaps 10,000 years ago, when human beings stopped feeding themselves by hunting game and gatheringplants, and increasingly turned to agriculture. In a way, that represented the invention of "work".

Then, in the latter decades of the 18th century, as the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, there wasanother transition in which the symbols of work were no longer the hoe and the plow; they were replaced by the milland the assembly line.

66._____________________________________

With the Industrial Revolution, machinery--powered first by steam, then by electricity and internal combustion engines--took over the hard physical tasks and relieved the strain on human and animal muscles.

67. _____________________________________

And yet, such jobs have been characteristic of the human condition in the first three-quarters of the 20th centu-ry. They' ve made too little demand on the human mind and spirit to keep them fresh and alive, made too much de-mand for any machine to serve the purpose until now.

The electronic computer, invented in the 1940' s and improved at breakneck speed, was a machine that, for thefirst time, seemed capable of doing work that had until then been the preserve of the human mind. With the coming ofthe microchip in the 1970' s, computers became compact enough, versatile enough and (most important of all) cheapenough to serve as the brains of affordable machines that could take their place on the assembly line and in the office.

68._____________________________________

First, what will happen to the human beings who have been working at these disappearing jobs?

Second, where will we get the human beings that will do the new jobs that will appear--jobs that are deman-ding, interesting and mind-exercising, but that requires a high-tech level of thought and education?

69._____________________________________

The first problem, that of technological unemployment, will be temporary, for it will arise out of the fact thatthere is now a generation of employees who have not been educated to fit the computer age. However, (in advancednations, at least) they will be the last generation to be so lacking, so that with them this problem will disappear or,at least, diminish to the point of non-crisis proportions.

The second problem--that of developing a large enough number of high-tech minds to run a high-tech world-will be no problem at all, once we adjust our thinking.

70._____________________________________

Right now, creativity seems to be confined to a very few, and it is easy to suppose that that is the way it must be.

However, with the proper availability of computerized education, humanity will surprise the elite few once again.

A. There remained, however, the "easier" labor--the labor that required the human eyes, ears, judgment andmind but no sweating. It nevertheless had its miseries, for it tended to be dull, repetitious, and boring.And there is always the sour sense of endlessly doing something unpleasant under compulsion.

B. For one thing, much of human effort that is today put into "running the world" will be unnecessary. Withcomputers, robots and automation, a great dead of the daily grind will appear to be running itself. This isnothing startling. It is a trend that has been rapidly on its way ever since World War]I.

C. And now we stand at the brink of a change that will be the greatest of all, for work in its old sense will dis-appear altogether. To most people, work has always been an effortful exercising of mind or body--com-pelled by the bitter necessity of earning the necessities of life--plus an occasional period of leisure in whichto rest or have fun.

D. Clearly there will be a painful period of transition, one that is starting already, and one that will be in full swing as the 21st century begins.

E. In the first place, the computer age will introduce a total revolution in our notions of education, and is begin-ning to do so now. The coming of the computer will make learning fun, and a successfully stimulated mindwill learn quickly. It will undoubtedly turn out that the "average" child is much more intelligent and creativethan we generally suppose. There was a time, after all, when the ability to read and write was confined to avery small group of "scholars" and almost all of them would have scouted the notion that just about anyonecould learn the intricacies of literacy. Yet with mass education general literacy came to be a fact.

F. This means that the dull, the boring, the repetitious, the mind-stultifying work will begin to disappear fromthe job market--is already beginning to disappear. This, of course, will introduce two vital sets of prob-lem-is already introducing them.

Part C：Answer questions 71——80 by referring to the following places of interest.

Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choices may be required more than once.

A =The Imperial Palace

B =The Temple of Heaven

C =Potala Palace

D =Jokhang TempleWhich palace or temple ...

•is the spiritual center of Tibet?71.__________

•is circular in the northern part while square in the southem part?72.__________

•presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture?73.__________

•covers a building space of 90 thousand square meters?74.__________

•is the oldest one among the four in the text?75.__________

•can present the visitor the significance of Heaven Kitchen?76.__________

•is a combination of architectural styles from Han，Tibetan and Nepalese?77.__________

•was the religious and political center of old Tibet?78.__________

•is along with many comparatively small buildings on either side?79.__________

•presents an edict signed with the Great Fiful’S handprint?80.__________

The Imperial Palace

What strikes one first in a bird' s-eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing bril-liantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking oneach side. That is the former Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, from which twenty-four em-perors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years--from 1420 to 1911. The Ming Emperor Yong Le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on whichapproximately I0,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420. At present, the Palaceis an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex andmore than 900, 000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.

Located in the center of Beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and72 hectares in size, is surroun-ded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. At each comer of the wall stands a watchtower with adouble-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.

The main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate, the south entrance, to Shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. Oneither side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the sixEastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces. The Palace area is divided into two parts:the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main hails, where the emperor receivedhis courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. Atthe rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.

The Temple of Heaven

The Temple of Heaven was initially built in Yongle Year 18 of the Ming Dynasty ( in 1420). Situatedin the southern part of the city, it covers the total area of 273 hectares. With the additions and rebuilding during theMing, Qing and other Dynasties, this grand set of structures look magnificent and glorious; the dignified environ-ment appears solemn and respectful. It is the place for both Ming and Qing Dynasty' s Emperors to worship Heavenand pray for good harvest. The northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square, implying"sky is round and earth is square" to better symbolize heaven and earth. The whole compound is enclosed by twowalls, dividing the whole Temple into inner and outer areas, with the main structures enclosed in the inner area. Themost important constructions are the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, the Circular Mound Altar, Imperial Heaven,The Imperial Vault of Heaven, Heaven Kitchen, Long Corridor and so on, as well as the Echo Wall, the Triple-Sound Stone, the Seven-Star Stone and others of historic interest and scenic beauty. The Temple of Heaven is acomprehensive expression of the unique construction techniques from Ming and Qing Dynasties; it is China' s mosttreasured ancient architecture; it is also the world' s largest architectural complex for worshipping heaven. In 1998,it was included in the "list of the world heritages" by the United Nation' s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Or-ganization.

Potala Palace

In 641, after marrying Princess Wencheng, Songtsen Gampo decided to build a grand palace to accom-modate her and let his descendants remember the event. However, the original palace was destroyed due to a lighte-ning strike and succeeding warfare during Landama' s reign. In the seventeenth century under the reign of the FifthDalai Lama, Potala was rebuilt. The Thirteenth Dalai Lama expanded it to today' s scale. The monastery-like pal-ace, reclining against and capping Red Hill, was the religious and political center of old Tibet and the winter palaceof Dalai Lamas. The palace is more than 117 meters (384 feet) in height and 360 ( 1,180 feet) in width, occupyinga building space of 90 thonsand square meters. Potala is composed of White Palace and Red Palace. The former isfor secular use while the latter is for religious.

The White Palace consists of offices, dormitories, a Buddhist official seminary and a printing house. From theeast entrance of the palace, painted with images of Four Heaveniy Kings, a broad corridor upwards leads to DeyangShar .courtyard, which used to be where Dalai Lamas watched operas. Afoot the large and open courtyard, there usedto be a seminary dormitories. West of the courtyard is the White Palace. There are three ladder stairs reaching in-side of it, liowever, tbe central one was reserved for only Dalai Lamas and central government magistrates dispatched

to Tibet. In the first hallway, there are huge murals describing the construction of Potala Palace and Jokhang Templeand the procession of Princess Wencheng reaching Tibet. On the south wall, visitors will see an edict signed with theGreat Fifth' s handprint. The White Palace mainly serves as the political headquarter and Dalai Lamas' living quarters.The West Chamber of Sunshine and the East Chamber of Sunshine lie as the roof of the White Palace. They belongedto the Thirteenth Dalai Lama and the Fourteenth Dalai Lama respectively. Beneath the East Chamber of Sunshine is thelargest hall in the White Palace, where Dalai Lamas ascended throne and ruled Tibet.

Jokhang Temple

Jokhang Temple is the spiritual center of Tibet. Everyday pilgrims from every comer of Tibet trek along distance to the temple. Some of them even progress prostrate by body length to the threshold of the temple. Pil-grims fuel myriad of flickering butter lamps with yak butter, or honor their deities with white scarves ( Kha-btags orHada) while murmuring sacred mantras to show their pieties to the Buddha.

It lies at the center of the old Lhasa. Built in 647 by Songtsen Gampo and his two foreign wives, it has ahistory of more than 1,300. It was said that Nepal Princess Tritsun decided to build a temple to house the JowoSakyamuni aged 12 brought by Chinese Princess Wencheng. Princess Wencheng reckoned according to Chinese as-trology that the temple should be built on the pool where the Jokhang now locates. She contended that the pool wasa witch' s heart, so the temple should be built on the pool to get dd of evils. The pool still exists under the temple.Then goats were used as the main pack animals, as is the reason the city is called Lhasa. The construction took 12months. However it was originally small and had been expanded to today' s scale in later dynasties. When the FifthDalai Lama took reign, large-scale reconstruction and renovation had been done. The temple is a combination ofHan, Tibetan and Nepalese architectural techniques. Visitors will see sphinx and other weird and sacred sculptures.

Section IV Writing

(40 minutes )

It is often said that the subjects taught in schools are too academic in orientation and that it would be more use-ful for children to learn about practical matters such as home management, work and interpersonal skills. To whatextent do you agree or disagree?

You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

THE END OF THE TEST

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