2020年考研英语预习试题分享5

对于考研英语的备考来说，基础知识很重要，考生们要注重课本的重视和词汇的积累，基础打好之后就要开始做一些练习题了。今天坦途网研究生考试频道小编就来为你们带来考研英语基础试题分享，希望你们获得理想的研究生考试初试成绩！ 

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On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.

However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.

The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .

Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers. 

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.

[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.

37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?

[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information. 

[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.

[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.       [D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

[A] violated the Constitution.       [B] undermined the states’ interests.

[C] supported the federal statute.        [D] stood in favor of the states.

39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement

[A] outweighs that held by the states.      [B] is dependent on the states’ support.

[C] is established by federal statutes.        [D] rarely goes against state laws.

40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress. 

[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.

[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

36. 【答案】C

【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力

根据题干中的关键词 three provisions of Arizona定位到文中第二段。第1句提到Arizona计划的三个部分被推翻是让州和地方警察实施联邦移民法律。这句话没有相对应选项，所以看到后面一句，意思是宪法的规则是毋庸置疑的，它认为华盛顿本身就有建立一个统一的自然化的规则的权力，而且认为联邦法律优先于州法律。所以被推翻就是因为它超越了联邦移民法的权.威。此题也可在第三段第二句话，因为它提到on the overturned provision, 意思是大部分人认为议会故意占据了领地，Arizona因此侵犯了联邦的享有特权的权力。所以，答案是B

37. 【答案】C

【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力

根据题干的关键词the Justice 和Paragraph 4, 就可以准确定位在第四段。因为是判断正误题，我们就可以采用排除的方法。通过观察选项，发现B.C都是围绕State, 我们就可以先找关于它的内容。第四段第二句话提到，议会通常想象联邦和州一起实施移民法律，而且明确鼓励州和联邦的官员共享信息以及合作。所以C选项，即州在移民实施方面的合法的作用，是正确答案。

38. 【答案】D

【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的推理引申能力

根据题干中的关键词Paragraph 5和the Alien and Sedition, 就可以精确定位在第五段第二句话的最后，也就是回归到the Alien and Sedition法案的州特权，所以和法案有关联的就是选项D. 而且我们也不难发现，B和D是一对矛盾选项，通过阅读文章，排除D.

39. 【答案】A

【解析】此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力

根据题干中的关键词the White House, 定位在第六段。最后一句提到白宫声称它能够使任何它不同意的州法律不合法，也就是选项A.

40. 【答案】D

【解析】此题考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力

根据前三段得出文章的主旨和移民法律有关，只有A和D提到，答案在其中之一。而A是说通常被议会决定，和本段第三段句话内容冲突。所以答案是D.

以上就是小编今天的分享，对于考研英语来说，基础知识比较重要，特别是词汇和语法。等你们的基础夯实之后就是模拟题的练习。其中阅读是最需要练习的部门，因为占分值比较大。话不多说，想要提高研究生考试的考试成绩的考生就赶紧来坦途网进行咨询吧！