2019年考研《英语二》真题及答案2

>>考研真题：2019年考研《英语二》真题及答案2

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Text 3

American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.

Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.

Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.

Mechanization is not the answer either — not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.

As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.

The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.

In a 2012 survey ，71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.

In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.

31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?

A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.

B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.

C.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.

D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.

32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_______.

A.the rising number of illegal immigrants

B.the high mobility of crop workers

C.the lack of experienced laborers

D.the aging of immigrant farm workers

33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?

A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.

B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.

C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.

D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.

34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ___.

A. slow granting procedures

B. limit on duration of stay

C. tightened requirements

D. control of annual admissions

35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?

A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?

B. Import Food or Labor?

C. America Saved by Mexico?

D. Manpower vs. Automation?

Text 4

Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day — encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.

The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.

My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions — a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.

It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priority – or even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.

This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will "eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022." There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.

DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. It's just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.

None of this is about writing off the individual. It's just about putting things into perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.

36. Some celebrities star in a new video to

A. demand new laws on the use of plastics

B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis

D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis

37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may

A. mislead us into doing worthless things

B. prevent us from making further efforts

C. weaken our sense of accomplishment

D. suppress our desire for success

38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,”,the author indicates that

A: our focus should be shifted to community welfare

B: our relationship with local industries is improving

C: We have been actively exercising our civil rights

D: We should press our government to lead the combat

39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be

A: a win-win arrangement

B: a self-driven mechanism

C: a cost-effective approach

D: a top down process

40. The author concludes that individual efforts

A: can be too aggressive

B: can be too inconsistent

C: are far from sufficient

D: are far from rational

Part B

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.

McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.

While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.

The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.

“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.

Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home --- but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.

Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home --- without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.

Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.

Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.

“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.” Hampson said.

The other issue is that many children - especially older ones - may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside ,Calif .

“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter , it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”

Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.

Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with FitSmallBusiness.com.

“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”

This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.

Section III Translation

46.Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say "I could write a book. I just haven't the time." Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising. re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47、Directions：Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email to

Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to

1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and

2) tell him about your arrangements.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.

Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming" instead (10points)

Part B

48、Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing , you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

Text 3

参考答案：

31. C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers

32. D. the aging of immigrant farm workers

33. B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming

34. A. slow granting procedures

35. B. Import Food or Labor?

Text 4

参考答案：

36. B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics

37. B. prevent us from making further efforts

38. D: We should press our government to lead the combat

39. D: a top-down process

40. C: are far from sufficient

Part B

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

参考答案：

41. A 42. D 43. C 44. G 45. F

Section II Translation

46.Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

[参考译文]

我们很容易低估英国作家古米·哈利。他有着一种令人愉快的、可读的风格，有人认为这种风格任何人都可以模仿得来。很多次我听到人们说:“我能写一本书，我只是没时间。”说起来容易，做起来难。然面与大家通常所想的不同，正如吉米:哈利所言，他在早年觉得“尝试写作游戏"并非易事。显然，即便他极具写作天赋，哈利呈现给这个世界的作品也是经过多年的练习、重写、阅读并且经过润色之后才得以形成的。与大多数作家一样，一路走来，吉米·哈利不得不经受多次的失望与拒绝，但是这一切更坚定了他获取成功的决心。他生命中所取得的一切，都是依靠自己艰苦的努力所获得的。他在文学领域的成功也不例外。

Section IV Writing

Part A

Directions: Suppose professor Smith ask you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him.

1) Suggest a topic and with your reasons,

2) And your arrangement,

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Don't use your own name, use "Zhang Wei"instead. Don't write your address.(10 points)

【参考范文】

Dear Prof. Smith,

It’s my pleasure to plan the debate on city traffic, and I am writing mainly to put forward advice on the topic of this debate and introduce my preliminary arrangements concerned.

To begin with, the debate can be conducted with the topic of “By Bus or By Bike” on the ground that a host of residents prefer convenient vehicles to reduce time cost under the background of increasingly heavy city traffic. Therefore, the participants in this debate can take an active part in it due to their real experience in daily life. Regarding the arrangements of the debate, it will be held in the auditorium on our campus Dec.28th,2018. Anyone interested in this debate can apply for participation at the Students’ Union Office before Dec. 24th. Finally, a watch will be awarded to the winner of the debate .

It will be highly appreciated if you could give me an early reply or some comments on my plan.

Yours sincerely,

Zhang Wei

【参考范文译文】

尊敬的史密斯教授，

非常荣幸能够组织这次有关城市交通的辩论。我写信来主要是提议这次辩论的主题并介绍有关此次辩论的初步安排。

首先，这次辩论可以围绕“开车还是骑车”展开，因为在城市交通日益拥堵的背景下, 很多人更喜欢便捷的交通方式以节约时间成本。因此，这次辩论的参与者可以根据日常生活中的实际经验积极参与到辩论中来。关于这次辩论的安排：举办时间为2018年10月28日，地点在我校礼堂;获奖者会得到一块手表。

如

果您给早日回复我或者给我提一些建议和意见，我会非常感激。

您真诚的，

张伟

Part B

Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

【参考范文】

This bar chart above looks into the choices that concern graduates most when they settle down after schooling. With the staggering economy, most graduates choose to find a job after they leave school, even though there is a decline of about 8 percentage in 2018, comparing that in 2013. The least part of them choose to establish their own business after graduation, with 1.3 percentage in 2013 and 2.6 percentage in 2018. As to the students who ask for further study, it accounts for 26.3 percentage in 2013 and 34 percentage in 2018. Besides, we can see from the chart that more students choose to continue to study instead of working after education，comparing those in 2013.

This reflects a change of attitudes of graduates towards life after schooling. I can find no better reasons for this phenomenon other than the following two. On the one hand, most graduates want to find a break after four-year study at school. This indicates that youth today are eager to face challenges and want to put what they have learned into practice. On the other hand, students are facing an ever intense competition owing to the expansion of enrollment. Most students have to do their further study. Hardly can such students find favorable jobs.

It is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem. For one thing, it is essential that proper polices be worked out to promote students’ to run their own business. For another, students should be educated to get well-prepared for their future work. Only with this measure can our society improve for a sound development.

【参考范文译文】

以上的柱形图分析了高校毕业生在毕业后的选择。随着经济的迅速发展，大多数的毕业生选择就业，尽管比较2013年的数据，2018年有8个百分点的下降。最少比例的大学生选择创业，其中百分之34比例的学生选择继续学习深造，另外，数据显示2018年选择继续深造的学生有上升的趋势。

上图的分析显示了大学生的生活态度和抉择。有两个因素可以解释这个现象。第1，大多数的毕业生想在毕业后不在学习而是进入工作状态。他们愿意接受更具有挑战的生活状态，把学习的知识实际用于生活。第二点，学生现在面临着更严峻的竞争环境。大多数学生无法找到心仪的工作，而不得不选择继续深造。

我们应该采取有效地措施来缓解这样的现象。首先，国家应该出具相应的政策来帮助学生自己创业。其次，学生们应该在学校期间做好充分的准备，才可以迎接毕业后的就业选择。只有这样，我们的社会才可以健康发展。

以上就是今天整理的全部内容，关于何时能够知道成绩，相信大家都很想知道，坦途网考研考试频道也会为大家及时公布2019考研初试成绩查询的相关信息，所以大家还是要耐心等待，小编先提前祝愿各位能够顺利通过考试，进入自己理想的学校。