2019年考研《英语一》真题及答案3

>>考研真题：2019年考研《英语一》真题及答案3

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Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.

Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number.

(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.

Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

Suppse you are working for the “Aiding rurd Primary School” project of your university. Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying details of the project.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)

Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should

1) describe the pictures briefly,

2) interpret the meaning, and

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

46. 【参考译文】在医学杂志上有很多这样的无稽之谈，如果广播公司和非专业媒体报道这些无稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。

47. 【参考译文】如今，任何想申请研究职位的人都必须已经发表了两倍的论文数量，这样的数量要求只有十年前申请同一职位时才是如此。

48. 【参考译文】例如，有人已经在评估申请人的论文时，尝试除了纳入关于数量的衡量标准以外，还纳入有关质量的衡量标准，以此来多次试图遏制这种趋势。

49. 【参考译文】如果科学家不能很轻易地在他们未来的出版物中引用他们自己的论文，或者让合伙人为他们这样去做，以换取类似的好处，那么这种引用索引将会是合理的。

50. 【参考译文】如果我们真的想确保我们的科学是有意义和可再生的，我们必须确保我们的院校鼓励这种科学。

Section III: Writing

Part A

Directions:

Suppose you are working for the “aiding Rural Primary School”project of your university. Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET

Do not use your own name in the email , use “Li Ming” instead.

(10 points)

【参考范文】

Dear friend,

I am greatly pleased to receive your letter and I am writing to you to express my sincere hope that I can offer you some details about the project of Aiding Rural Primary School. The details are as follows.

In the first place, the aim of this project is to help rural children in a poor financial condition to improve their English, which needs you make an English teaching plan in advance. In the second place, this project will be held at June, lasting about 15days, therefore it is essential for you to prepare some clothes and daily necessities.In the last place, importance should be attached to the role played by the language due to the fact that there is a few people understanding English, which needs you are capable of speaking basic Chinese.

I wish my introduction could satisfy your requirement, and look forward to discussing more details with you.

Yours Sincerely,

Li Ming

【参考译文】

亲爱的朋友：

我很开心收到你的来信，我写这封信主要是为你详细介绍一下关于“援助乡村小学”项目的信息，细节如下：

首先，这个项目是为了帮助乡村家庭条件不好的孩子提高他们的英文水平，需要你提前做一份英语教学计划，其次这个项目将在6月进行并将持续15天，因此你需要准备一些衣物和日用品。最后，由于当地的人基本不懂英语，所以你最 好学习一些汉语的基本表达。

我希望我的介绍回答了你想知道的问题，期待和你讨论更多的细节。

你最真挚的，

李明

Part B

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-270 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should:

(1) describe the picture briefly

(2) Interpret the implied meaning, and

(3) Give your comments

Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET

(20 points)

以上就是今天整理的全部内容，关于何时能够知道成绩，相信大家都很想知道，坦途网考研考试频道也会为大家及时公布2019考研初试成绩查询的相关信息，所以大家还是要耐心等待，小编先提前祝愿各位能够顺利通过考试，进入自己理想的学校。