GRE考试《阅读理解》模拟练题4

>>GRE阅读：GRE考试《阅读理解》模拟练题4

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蚂蚁用真菌创造菜园

Some attine ants carry vegetation into their nests and add fungal material, thereby creating “gardens” in which fungal food for the ants grow. Because the ants play the behaviorally active role, it seems compelling to say that they cultivate and control the passive fungi. But even if that is true, the symbiotic association has existed for so long that cultivar traits may have evolved in the fungi that benefit the fungi but not necessarily the ants. Furthermore, many microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate the physiology and behavior of their symbiotic animals. It is not implausible, therefore, that the ants’ fungi have evolved chemical and physiological schemes that alter ant behavior to serve the fungus’ reproductive interests, possibly even compromising the reproductive interests for the ant hosts.

1. The passage points out which of the following in order to explain the appeal of the notion that some attine ants cultivate and control fungus?

A. The ants play the behaviorally active roles in the symbiotic relationship.

B. The ants purposefully carry vegetation into their nests for their own consumption.

C. Fungus is physiologically a passive substance.

D. Other organisms are able to manipulate their symbiotic partners.

E. The chemical and physiological properties of the fungus are subject to ant influence.

2. In the context in which it appears, the word “manipulate” most nearly means

A. influence

B. oversee

C. coerce

D. deceive

E. outmaneuver

1

Some attine ants carry vegetation into their nests and add fungal material, thereby creating “gardens” in which fungal food for the ants grow.

一些 A 蚁把植物带回巢穴，再加入真菌材料，于是创造出一个生产真菌的 “ 菜园 ” 供养蚁群。

(attine ants 没查到比较准确的译法，也许可以译作 “ 真菌培育蚁 ”，也许指的就是 “ 切叶蚁 ”，待定。)

2

Because the ants play the behaviorally active role, it seems compelling to say that they cultivate and control the passive fungi.

因为蚁的是这一行为的主动方，说它们种植和控制被动的真菌似乎比较有说服力。

3

But even if that is true, the symbiotic association has existed for so long that cultivar traits may have evolved in the fungi that benefit the fungi but not necessarily the ants.

但即便这是真的，这种共生关系也存在了如此久，以至于被栽种的真菌可能已经进化出一些对自己有利，对蚁未必有利的遗传特征。

4

Furthermore, many microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate the physiology and behavior of their symbiotic animals.

此外，许多微生物都发展出复杂的机制，操纵与之共生的动物的生理机能和行为。

5

It is not implausible, therefore, that the ants’ fungi have evolved chemical and physiological schemes that alter ant behavior to serve the fungus’ reproductive interests, possibly even compromising the reproductive interests for the ant hosts.

因此，有可能蚁栽种的真菌，已经进化出化学和生理策略，改变蚁的行为，为真菌的生殖利益服务，甚至可能危害到了宿主蚁的生殖利益。

1. The passage points out which of the following in order to explain the appeal of the notion that some attine ants cultivate and control fungus?

A. The ants play the behaviorally active roles in the symbiotic relationship.

B. The ants purposefully carry vegetation into their nests for their own consumption.

C. Fungus is physiologically a passive substance.

D. Other organisms are able to manipulate their symbiotic partners.

E. The chemical and physiological properties of the fungus are subject to ant influence.

选 A

文章开始提出了一种现象，蚂蚁和蘑菇共生。

关于这一现象，有两种解释，一种是蚂蚁种蘑菇;一种是蘑菇控制蚂蚁。

题目问我们第1种解释的根据，定位句 2，Because the ants play the behaviorally active role，选 A 。

2. In the context in which it appears, the word “manipulate” most nearly means

A. influence

B. oversee

C. coerce

D. deceive

E. outmaneuver

选 A

influence 影响，支配

oversee 监督，监视

coerce 强制，逼迫

deceive 欺骗，误导

outmaneuver 以计谋、智力取胜(对手)

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