GRE阅读练习：特朗普空中交通控制私有化

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In June 1956 a TWA Constellation collided with a United Air Lines DC-7 over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people on both aircraft.

1956年6月，环球航空的星座机型(TWA)在亚利桑那州大峡谷与美国联合航空DC-7机相撞，两机128名人员全部罹难。

At the time it was the worst ever airline disaster.

这是当时史上最严重的一次空难。

Struggling with outdated technology and a post-war boom in air travel, overworked air-traffic controllers failed to spot that the planes were on a collision course.

由于过时的技术和战后航空旅行的繁荣发展，过度劳累的空中交通管制人员未能及时发现飞机处在碰撞航向。

That crash led to the creation of a new body, which became the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in charge of running and modernising the world's biggest air-transport system.

那次事故导致了一个新的机构诞生并成为联邦航空管理局(FAA)，负责运营和现代化世界最 大的航空运输系统。

With that system again struggling to keep pace with demand, Donald Trump thinks it is time to privatise America's air-traffic control service.

随着这个系统再次难以跟上需求增长的速度，唐纳德·特朗普认为，是时候将美国的空中交通管制服务私有化了。

This week the president outlined a plan to turn air-traffic control into a separate non-profit entity financed by user fees, instead of the present patchwork of taxes and grants.

本周总统提出一项计划，将空中交通控制转变为独立的非盈利实体并由用户费资助，取代当前的税收和补助金的共同资助。

Shorn of its air-traffic responsibility, the FAA would become a safety body.

没有了其空中交通的责任，美国联邦航空局将成为一个安全机构。

America's air-traffic system is vast, consisting of 14,000 controllers working in 476 airport-control towers that handle take-offs and landings, as well as in 21 “en route” centres looking after flights along the nation's airways.

美国的空中交通系统是庞大的，由在476个机场控制塔工作的14000个管制人员处理飞机起降工作，以及在21“途中”中心照顾沿着国家航道的航空公司的航班。

It has a good safety record, but elderly technology limits the number of flights that can be handled.

而且它有一个良好的安全记录，但过时的技术限制了可管理的航班数量。

This leads to delays and frustrated flyers.

这就导致了飞机延误和飞机乘客受挫。

With passenger numbers set to grow from 800m a year to almost 1bn by 2026, the problem will only get worse.

随着旅客人数将从每年8亿到2026增长到近10亿，这个问题只会变得更糟。

Mr Trump believes that, no longer mired in a federal bureaucracy, the air-traffic service will become more efficient and better able to invest in technology.

特朗普认为，如果不再陷入联邦官僚机构，空中交通服务将变得更有效率，并能更好地投资于技术。

Many countries, including Australia, Britain and Canada, have privatised air-traffic services or turned them into state-owned firms.

许多国家，包括澳大利亚、英国和加拿大，已经私有化的空中交通服务或转为国有企业。

Nav Canada, a non-profit firm that has long managed Canadian airspace, has costs per flight hour of $340 compared with the FAA's $450.

加拿大导航局，一家长期管理加拿大领空的非盈利公司，每小时飞行费用为340美元，而联邦航空局的450美元。

Replacing old radar-based methods with accurate satellite navigation and better digital communications is a particular priority.

旧的基于雷达的导航方式被精确的卫星导航和更好的数字通信取而代之，这是一个特别的优先项目。

Aircraft using satellite navigation can be safely spaced more closely together, which permits many more planes to be in the air at the same time.

使用卫星导航的飞机可以更为紧密却安全相隔，同时允许更多的飞机在空中飞行。

Digital systems also provide data links to control centres and to other planes by regularly broadcasting an aircraft's identification sign, its position and course.

数字系统还通过定期广播飞机的识别标志、位置和航线，向控制中心和其他飞机提供数据链接。

This would allow “free routing”, which means pilots can fly directly to a destination, rather than follow established airways, which often zigzag around.

这将允许“自由飞行”，这意味着飞行员可以直接飞到目的地，而不是遵循既定的航线，往往曲折前进。

The president's proposal might even speed a move towards “virtual” control towers in low-rise buildings, which can replace towers physically located at airports.

总统的提议甚至可能加快向低层建筑中“虚拟”控制塔的发展，以取代在机场设立的物理塔。

The virtual versions are fed live video from airfield cameras.

虚拟塔台是由机场摄像机提供的实时视频。

Proponents argue that they are both safer and around 30% cheaper to operate.

支持者认为，它们更安全，运营成本低30%左右。

Virtual towers can look after more than one airport.

虚拟塔可以兼顾不止一个机场。

One in Norway is set to supervise 32 airports, some of them in remote areas.

在挪威设置的一个将监督32个机场，其中一些在偏远地区。

The European Union reckons such innovations will allow three times as many flights to be handled in the region and save airlines some 9bn euro ($10bn) a year.

欧盟认为，这些创新将允许在一个区域处理三倍多的航班，每年为航空公司节省90亿欧元(100亿美元)。

It also, optimistically perhaps, predicts that on average aircraft will land within one minute of their scheduled arrival time.

它还乐观地预测，平均飞机将在预定到达时间的一分钟内降落。

That would count as a miraculous improvement for anyone, let alone America's weary airport warriors.

这对任何人来说都是一个奇迹般的进步，更不用说美国疲惫的机场工作人员。

Mr Trump, though, may struggle to get the proposal through Congress.

然而，特朗普先生可能很难通过国会的提议。

A similar plan got stuck last year, despite being backed by most airlines and the air-traffic controllers' union.

去年，尽管大多数航空公司和空中交通管制员工会都支持这一计划，但类似的计划还是被搁置了。

At least the president can dodge the queues: Air Force One flights get special clearance.

至少总统可以避开排队：空军一号航班已得到特别许可了。

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