GRE考试阅读模拟训练：universal ideas

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P1

It is their sensitive response to human circumstance that accounts for the persistence of certain universal ideas. Rabbi Meir, a second-century scholar, admonished his disciples to look not at the pitcher but at its contents because, he stated, "Many a new pitcher has been found to be full of old wine." Creative ideas not only produce their own instruments of survival as time and circumstances demand, but permit the substitution of new forms for old under the pressure of changed circumstances. For example, democracy, as an idea, originated in ancient Greece and was carried from there to Western Europe and the Americas. But it did not retain the ancient Greek form: it passed through several reforming processes and exists today in many countries. Democratic governments differ in form because democracy is in principle dynamic and has therefore responded to local needs. (141 words)

1. According to the passage, democracy is an example of

(A) a human circumstance that has molded creative ideas

(B) an instrument of survival that has altered its original form

(C) an attribute of a creative idea that has allowed that idea to persist

(D) a creative idea that has persisted because of its adaptability

(E) a reforming process that has culminated in the creation of modern governments

2.The "new pitcher" mentioned in the passage is the equivalent of which of the following elements in the author's discussion of democracy?

(A) Ancient Greece

(B) The idea of democracy

(C) A modern democratic government

(D) A dynamic principle

(E) The Greek form of democracy

P1

1

It is their sensitive response to human circumstance that accounts for the persistence of certain universal ideas.

某些人类共同的理念之所以能够一直流传，是因为它们会根据不同的人性环境做出灵活回应。

2

Rabbi Meir, a second-century scholar, admonished his disciples to look not at the pitcher but at its contents because, he stated, "Many a new pitcher has been found to be full of old wine."

二世纪的学者 RM，告诫自己的门徒要注重内容而非形式，他说，“ 许多新瓶装的只是旧酒。”

(pitcher 罐子，壶)

3

Creative ideas not only produce their own instruments of survival as time and circumstances demand, but permit the substitution of new forms for old under the pressure of changed circumstances.

开创性理念，不但能够制造时势所要求的延续其自身的工具，随着局势变化带来的压力，还能产生新的形式来替换旧的。

4

For example, democracy, as an idea, originated in ancient Greece and was carried from there to Western Europe and the Americas.

比说如民主，作为一种理念，产生于古希腊，随后传播到西欧和美洲。

5

But it did not retain the ancient Greek form: it passed through several reforming processes and exists today in many countries.

但它没有一直保留古希腊的形式：经历了多次改革，直到今天仍被许多国家采用。

6

Democratic governments differ in form because democracy is in principle dynamic and has therefore responded to local needs. (141 words)

民主政府形式各异，因为民主理念是动态的，因各国的不同需求而各异。

1. According to the passage, democracy is an example of

(A) a human circumstance that has molded creative ideas

(B) an instrument of survival that has altered its original form

(C) an attribute of a creative idea that has allowed that idea to persist

(D) a creative idea that has persisted because of its adaptability

(E) a reforming process that has culminated in the creation of modern governments

选 D

民主是一种创造性理念，因能够适应环境一直存在。根据句 3 - 5 。

2.The "new pitcher" mentioned in the passage is the equivalent of which of the following elements in the author's discussion of democracy?

(A) Ancient Greece

(B) The idea of democracy

(C) A modern democratic government

(D) A dynamic principle

(E) The Greek form of democracy

选 C

见句 2：

Rabbi Meir, a second-century scholar, admonished his disciples to look not at the pitcher but at its contents because, he stated, "Many a new pitcher has been found to be full of old wine."

假设你不认识 pitcher 这个词，“ 老酒 ” 与 “ 内容 ” 起码应该对应起来看，与 “ 内容 ” 对应的应该是 “ 形式 ”，而作者讨论民主时，“ 形式 ” 是指民主国家各不相同的政府组织架构。

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