2017年高考英语之定语从句专项知识点

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定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

关系副词有：when, where, why, how。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

关系代词引导的定语从句

1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换).

例如：

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等.

例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

(which / that在句中作宾语)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：

>>>>

不用that的情况：

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

c) 多用who 的情况

①关系代词在从句中做主语

A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

②先行词为those, people 时

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时

One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.

④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.

⑤在被分隔的定语从句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。

The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.