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职称英语《理工类》2013年真题总结

2018年03月15日 16:29:00来源:职称英语考试网
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下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、 Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.

A.fundamental B.moral C.regular D.hard

2、 The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.

A.rejected B.approved C.submitted D.considered

3、 Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.

A.untouched B.certain C.silent D.doubtful

4、 This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.

A.turned dead B.passed by C.carried away D.become extinct

5、 The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.

A.reliable B.effective C.simple D.alternative

6、 Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.

A.argue B.claim C.wish D.compete

7、 Come out, or I'll bust the door down.

A.shut B.beat C.set D.break

8、 The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.

A.general B.complex C.inflexible D.direct

9、 The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.

A.unknown B.undamaged C.unusual D.unstable

10、 They didn't seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.

A.existence B.cause C.importance D.situation

11、The contract between the two companies will expire_ soon.

A.shorten B.start C.end D.resume

12、 The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.

A.polluted B.treated C.tested D.corrupted

13、 She shed a few tears at her daughter's wedding.

A.produced B.wiped C.injected D.removed

14、 Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.

A.send B.hear C.confirm D.spread

15、 The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town,

A.cautious B.naked C.blind D.private

下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。

16、请根据短文的内容,对16-23做出判断

New Understanding of Natural Silk's Mysteries

Natursl silk, as we all know, has a strength that manmade materials have long struggled tomatch. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials sciencebreakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or,more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility froman unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are inherently very weak but that work togetherto create a strong, flexible structure.

Most materials -- especially the ones we engineer for strength - get their toughness frombrittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated bothbiologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound forpOund, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesn't seem that silksshould be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, whichare far weaker than the covalent bonds found in other molecules.

To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through suchweak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe theway silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silknanocrystals is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing oneanother against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a suddenfracture to spread across a silk structure.

The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree ofstrength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding ofsilk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we cancurrently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult toproduce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).

By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturingmethods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought youwere going to get out of this materials science story without heating about carbon nanotubes,think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-likestructures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk -- like carbcn nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.

17、 Silk's strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.

A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

18、 Biologist and engineer are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.

A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

19、 If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.

A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

20、 The MIT team had tried different materials before they studied natural silk in their research,

A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

21、 Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in material science.

A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

22、It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.

A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

【答案】

第1部分:词汇选项

1.【答 案】A

【题 干】尊重生命是法律的一个根本的原则。

A.主要的,基本的 B.道德的,精神的C.定期的,有规律的 D.硬的,艰难的

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词cardinal意为“基本的,主要的”,与fundamental意思一致.故正确答案为A。

【考点延伸】表示“根本的,基本的”的词还有basic(基本的,基础的),radical(根本的,激进的),prime(主要的,首要的)。

2.【答 案】B

【题 干】提案得到了多数成员的赞同。

A.拒绝,排斥 B.支持,赞同C.使服从,提交 D.考虑,认为

【解 析】考查动词。划线词endorse意为“签署,赞同,认可”,与approve为同义词,所以正确答案为B。

【考点延伸】表示“赞同”的词还有consent(同意,赞成),support(支持,赞同),sanction(认可,支持;制裁,处罚),agree(同意,赞成)等。

3.【答 案】 D

【题 干】许多专家对他的声称仍旧持怀疑态度。

A.未受影响的,未改变的 B.必然的,无疑的,确定的C.沉默的,寂静的 D.怀疑的,不确定的

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词skeptical意为“怀疑的”,与doubtful为同义词,故正确答案为D。

【考点延伸】.ful表示形容词,如doubtful(怀疑的),successful(成功的),hopeful(有希望的)。

4.【答 案】D

【题 干】这个物种几乎快灭绝了,因为它的栖息地正受到破坏。

A.死的,变成死的 B.经过,逝去C.运走,带走 D.灭绝,绝种

【解 析】考查短语。划线词die out意为“灭绝,消失”,与become extinct为同义词故答案为D。

【考点延伸】die off(相继死去),die of/from(死于),die away(减弱,消失)

5.【答 案】C

【题 干】战争时期所用的交流方法都很简单。

A.可靠的,可信的 B.有效的,起作用的C.简单的 D.选择性的,交替的

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词primitive意为“原始的,简单的,粗糙的”,与simple为同义词,所以正确答案为C。

【考点延伸】-able表示形容词,如reliable(可信的,可靠的),dependable(可依靠的);-tive表示形容词,如effective(有效的),active(积极的)

6.【答 案】D

【题 干】三名世界级网球选手来竞争这个冠军。

A.辩论,争论 B.声称,要求C.希望 D.竞争,比赛

【解 析】考查动词。划线词contend意为“竞争,斗争” ,与compete为近义词,所以答案为D。

7.【答 案】D

【题 干】快出来,不然我破门而入。

A.关闭(shut down) B.打到,杀价(beat down)

C.放下,记下,确定(set down)D.分解,发生故障,毁掉(break down)

【解 析】考查短语。该题表面是考动词burst,实际上是考查短语burst down,意为“损毁,破裂”,在意思上与break down比较接近,所以正确答案为D。

【考点延伸】break out(爆发),break up(分解,解散,打碎),break away(打破,脱离),break into(闯入,破门而入)

8.【答 案】C

【题 于】这些规则太死板而不允许人犯错。

A.一般的,普通的 B.复杂的

C.不灵活的,顽固的 D.直接的,直率的

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词rigid意为“严格的,死板的”,与inflexible为近义词,故正确答案为C。

【考点延伸】in-/im-做前缀有两个意思,一个表示否定,如impossible(不可能),impatient(没有耐心的),另外一个意思为“里,里面”,如input(输入),involve(卷入,涉及)。

9.【答 案】B。

【题 干】这座塔在两百年后依然保持完好无损。

A.不知道的,不出名的 B.未受损坏的~ C.不寻常的 D.不稳定的。

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词intact意为“完整的,原封不动的,为受损害的”,与undamaged在语义上一致,故正确答案为B。

【考点延伸】un一表示否定,如unimportant(不重要的),uncertain(不确定的)。

10.【答 案】C

【题 干】他们好像不在意问题的重要性。

A.存在 B.起因 C.重要 D.情况,形势

【解 析】考查名词。划线词magnitude意为“重要,大小,强度”,与importance为近义词,故答案为C。

11.【答 案】C

【题 干】两公司之间的合同很快就到期了。

A.缩短,减少 B.开始,发动

C.终结,结束 D.重新开始,继续

【解 析】考查动词。划线词expire义为“终止,期满”,与end在语义上一致,故C为正确答案。

12.【答 案】A

【题 干】饮用水已经受到铅污染了。

A.污染的 B.治疗的

C.被检测的 D.腐败的,毁坏的

【解 析】考查动词。划线词contaminate意为“污染的”,与polluted为同义词,所以正确答案为A。

13.【答 案】A

【题 干】她在女儿的婚礼上落泪了。

A.产生,生产 B.抹去,擦拭C.注射,注入 D.消除,移动

【解 析】考查动词。划线词“shed”意为“流出,脱落”,因而shed tears为“流泪”,与produce在语义上比较接近,所以答案为A。

14.【答 案】D

【题 干】关于他财务问题的谣言开始流传。

A.发送,寄 B.听到,听说C.确认,确定 D.传播,流传

【解析】考查动词。划线词circulate意为“传播,流传”,与spread为同义词,故答案为D。

15.【答 案】A

【题 干】警察对城镇的这一带要保持警觉。

A.谨慎的,小心的 B.裸体的,直率的,无证据的C.盲目的,瞎的 D.私人的,私有的

【解 析】考查形容词。划线词wary意为“谨慎的,机警的”,与cautious在语义上比较接近,故答案为A。

【考点延伸】表示“谨慎、小心”的词还有careful(小心的,仔细的),prudent(谨慎的,精明的),alert(警觉的,警惕的)等。

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